{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1786978313376,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,29]],"date-time":"2003-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rose bengal (RB) is a potent photosensitizer that has largely been overlooked as a potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. In this study, the feasibility of topical delivery of RB to the epidermis has been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical formulations of RB were assessed on murine and rabbit skin for pharmacokinetic properties, cutaneous toxicity, and photosensitization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hydrophilic formulations (\u22641% RB) exhibited rapid, selective, uniform delivery to the epidermis, with no significant acute cutaneous toxicity in normal skin. Illumination (532 nm) elicited no acute phototoxicity for light intensities \u2264100 mW\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at a light dose of 100 J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; use of higher intensities resulted in superficial thermal damage. Repeat treatment of rabbit skin (weekly for four weeks) elicited minor phototoxicity only at the highest concentration (1% RB).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicate that RB is safe for PDT treatment of skin disorders, exhibiting negligible effects in normal skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:101\u2013110, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,31]],"date-time":"2003-01-31T09:47:21Z","timestamp":1044006441000},"page":"101-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Topical rose Bengal: Pre\u2010clinical evaluation of pharmacokinetics and safety"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Wachter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Dees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Harkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusty E.","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Cada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Rose bengal sodium.In U.S.P. 24\/NF 19 The United States Pharmacopeia\/The National Formulary. 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