{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:39:27Z","timestamp":1770824367180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,2]],"date-time":"2003-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FAEP-UNICAMP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viper snake envenoming induces in the victims systemic coagulopathy, and severe local tissue damage such as edema, hemorrhage, intense pain, and myonecrosis. Serumtherapy and other first\u2010aid managements are ineffective in neutralizing these local effects. The effects of the gallium\u2010arsenide (Ga\u2010As) laser irradiation on mice gastrocnemius injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with <jats:italic>Bothrops moojeni<\/jats:italic> snake venom were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macroscopical, histopatological, and myonecrosis quantification through serum creatine kinase (CK) evaluation was done at 3, 12, and 24 hours (two, five, and eight irradiation sessions, 4 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 1 minute 32 seconds per period, respectively), were done after the venom or saline injection, and in venom\u2010unirradiated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In unirradiated gastrocnemius, the venom induced massive hemorrhage, vascular congestion, time\u2010progressing myonecrosis, edema, abundant inflammatory infiltrate, and high CK serum levels. Ga\u2010As irradiation significantly decreased the amount of myonecrosis in all the periods tested (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The laser treatment significantly inhibited the ability of <jats:italic>B. moojeni<\/jats:italic> venom to rapidly disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:352\u2013357, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]],"date-time":"2003-12-11T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1071133352000},"page":"352-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effects of the Ga\u2010As laser irradiation on myonecrosis caused by <i>Bothrops Moojeni<\/i> snake venom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Doroty M.","family":"Dourado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"F\u00e1vero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Baranauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Alice","family":"da Cruz\u2010H\u00f6fling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Brazilian Health Ministry.Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Sa\u00fade. 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Bras\u00edlia DF 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Local tissue damage induced by Bothrops snake venoms: A review","volume":"51","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Butantan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Biology of the pitvipers","author":"Dart R","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons","author":"Warrel DA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42301998000400010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Handbook of toxinology","author":"Ownby CL","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90032-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(85)90158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)00138-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01163-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90343-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"315","article-title":"Randomized comparative trial of three antivenoms in the treatment of envenoming by lance\u2010headed viper (Bothrops jararaca) in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Cardoso JL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quart J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Venomous snakebite: Past, present, and future treatment options","volume":"5","author":"Blackman JR","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"887","volume-title":"Biometry","author":"Sokal RR","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)89175-5","article-title":"The lysine\u201049 phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus. 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