{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T12:14:09Z","timestamp":1788005649710,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,20]],"date-time":"2001-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1000944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The principal factor limiting the rate of laser ablation of dental hard tissue is the risk of excessive heat accumulation in the tooth. Excessive heat deposition or accumulation may result in unacceptable damage to the pulp. The objective of this study was to measure the residual heat deposition during the laser ablation of dental enamel at those IR laser wavelengths well suited for the removal of dental caries. Optimal laser ablation systems minimize the residual heat deposition in the tooth by efficiently transferring the deposited laser energy to kinetic and internal energy of ejected tissue components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The residual heat deposition in dental enamel was measured at laser wavelengths of 2.79, 2.94, 9.6, and 10.6 \u03bcm and pulse widths of 150 nsec \u2212150 \u03bcsec using bovine block \u201ccalorimeters.\u201d Water droplets were applied to the surface before ablation with 150 \u03bcsec Er:YAG laser pulses to determine the influence of an optically thick water layer on reducing heat deposition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The residual heat was at a minimum for fluences well above the ablation threshold where measured values ranged from 25\u201370% depending on pulse duration and wavelength for the systems investigated. The lowest values of the residual heat were measured for short (&lt;\u200920 \u03bcs) CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser pulses at 9.6 \u03bcm and for Q\u2010switched erbium laser pulses at 2.79 and 2.94 \u03bcm. Droplets of water applied to the surface before ablation significantly reduced the residual heat deposition during ablation with 150 \u03bcsec Er:YAG laser pulses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Residual heat deposition can be markedly reduced by using CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser pulses of less than 20 \u03bcsec duration and shorter Q\u2010switched Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser pulses for enamel ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:221\u2013229, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T17:24:42Z","timestamp":1030296282000},"page":"221-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Residual heat deposition in dental enamel during IR laser ablation at 2.79, 2.94, 9.6, and 10.6 \u03bcm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Ragadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"BoehmRF ChenM BlairCK.Temperature in human teeth due to laser heating. 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