{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T18:57:43Z","timestamp":1771527463639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3944,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Safety<\/jats:italic>has always been an important aspect of any laser application in surgery and medicine. In any review of the laser surgery literature, several issues continue to dominate. These issues include: wearing eye protectors, dealing with the plume of vaporized tissue, and controlling potential fire hazards. No one denies that lasers can pose a serious hazard to the eye, but the decision to wear eye protectors in all procedures has been frequently questioned. The degree of effort needed to minimize the very serious risk from chronic breathing of vaporized tissue also requires judgment. Aside from a few eye injuries from a laser beam exposure, most serious accidental injuries (and even deaths) reported to date from the laser beam itself can be traced to the ignition of surgical drapes and airway tubes. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900160303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T17:19:28Z","timestamp":1172942368000},"page":"215-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Laser safety"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"David H.","family":"Sliney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Medical Lasers and Their Safe Use","author":"Sliney DH","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"ACGIH TLV's Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1993\u20131994 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cincinnati OH 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"ANSI Safe Use of Lasers Standard Z\u2010136.1\u20101993 American National Standards Institute Laser Institute of America Orlando FL 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"ANSI Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities Standard Z\u2010136.3\u20101988 American National Standards Institute Laser Institute of America Orlando FL 198. [under revision in1994]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"British Standards Organisation Radiation Safety of Laser Products and Systems Standard BS4803 London BSI 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization [WHO] Environmental Health Criteria No. 23 Lasers and Optical Radiation joint publication of the United Nations Environmental Program the International Radiation Protection Association and the World Health Organization Geneva 1982."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Guidelines for Limits of Human Exposure to Laser Radiation","volume":"49","author":"IRPA, International Non\u2010Ionizing Radiation Committee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Health Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission Radiation Safety of Laser Products Equipment Classification and User's Guide Document WS 825\u20101 IEC Geneva 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3596-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"1991","volume-title":"Medical Lasers: The Perioperative Challenge","author":"Ball KA","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LunderganD SmithS.Nurses administrative responsibilities for lasers. AORN August1983;217\u2013222.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2092(07)64324-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"MacketyCJ.The laser committee: Its role in quality assurance. Health Care Strategic Management 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"PfisterJ. A Guide To Lasers in the O.R.:A Manual for OR Personnel. Education Design 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Safety checklist documents responsibilities of the laser nurse","volume":"2","author":"Steffers V","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Laser Month"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Basic and Advanced Laser Surgery in Gynecology","author":"Fisher JC","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Surgical Lasers","author":"Holmes JA","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Nursing responsibilities in laser surgery","volume":"17","author":"Cayton MM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Medical Instrumentation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","volume-title":"New Frontiers in Lasers in Medicine and Surgery","author":"Carruth JAS","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"US Department of Labor title 29 Codes of Federal Regulations. Occupational Health and Safety."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74389-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900120618"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198109000-00002","article-title":"Acute management of laser\u2010ignited intratracheal explosion","volume":"91","author":"Schramm VL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Anesthetic considerations during laser surgery","volume":"52","author":"Birch AA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947808700417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","volume-title":"Surgical Applications of Lasers","author":"Wong KC","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2351\/1.4745323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Preliminary evaluation of commercially available laser protective eyewear. U.S. Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare","author":"Envall KR","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-198905000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","unstructured":"GaloffPK SlineyDH. Evaluation of laser eye protectors in the ultraviolet and infrared. In: Court L Duchene A Courant D eds. \u201cProceedings of First International Symposium on Laser Biological Effects and Exposure Limits {Lasers et Normes de Protection} \u201d Paris Nov 24\u201326 1986 Paris: Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses1988;356\u2013366."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197306000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-198607000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.17863"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"New plastics absorb at laser wavelengths","volume":"5","author":"Scherr AE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laser Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Laser eye protectors","volume":"2","author":"Sliney DH","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Laser Appl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1685491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668891380321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10665567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Some comments on the properties of absorptive lenses","volume":"41","author":"Williams DR","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Am Opt Assn"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Laser eye protection I","volume":"21","author":"Yeo R","year":"1989","journal-title":"Optics Laser Tech"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","unstructured":"ZwickH BelkinM BeatriceES. Effects of broadbanded eye proection on dark adaptation. In: Court L Duchene A Courant D eds. \u201cProceedings of First International Symposium on Laser Biological Effects and Exposure Limits {Lasers et Normes de Protection} \u201d Paris Nov 24\u201326 1986 Paris: Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses 1988;356\u2013366."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08828032.1987.10389796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106032842211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90158-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Analysis of emissions after irradiation with carbon dioxide laser","volume":"27","author":"Bellina JH","year":"1982","journal-title":"Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2092(07)62116-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720080033024","article-title":"Papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide treated verrucae","volume":"259","author":"Garden JM","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","first-page":"892","volume":"60","author":"Voorhies RM","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100522","article-title":"Smoke evacuation for laser surgery","volume":"92","author":"Miller GW","year":"1983","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2351\/1.4745238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","volume-title":"Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, ANSI Z\u20102.1","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19910701-12","article-title":"Safety of ophthalmic excimer lasers with an emphasis on compressed gases","volume":"7","author":"Sliney DH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Refractive Corneal Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","first-page":"230","article-title":"Smoke production and smoke reduction in endoscopic surgery: Preliminary report","volume":"1","author":"Ott D","year":"1993","journal-title":"End Surg"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.1900160303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.1900160303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1707650159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.1900160303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.1900160303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.1900160303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}