{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:13:46Z","timestamp":1769598826368,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,5]],"date-time":"2004-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Faculty Area of Strategic Development Fund"},{"name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine single versus multiple applications of the gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on the healing of surgically injured medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen rats were studied, with 12 receiving surgical transection to their right MCL and 4 receiving a sham injury. Group 1 (n\u2009=\u20094) received a single dose of GaAlAs laser therapy (wavelength 660 nm, average power 8.8 mW, pulse 10 kHz, dosage 31.6 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) directly to their MCL during surgery. Group 2 (n\u2009=\u20094) received 9 doses of GaAlAs laser therapy applied transcutaneously on alternate days (wavelength 660 nm, average power 8.8 mW, pulse 10 kHz, dosage 3.5 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The controls (Group 3, n\u2009=\u20094) received one session of placebo laser at the time of surgery, with the laser equipment shut down, while the sham injured Group 4 (n\u2009=\u20094) received no treatment. Biomechanical tests for structural stiffness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and load\u2010relaxation were done at 3 weeks after injury. The stiffness and UTS data were normalized by expressing as a percentage of the left side of each animal before statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The load\u2010relaxation data did not show any differences between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18). The normalized stiffness levels of Groups 2 (81.08\u00b111.28%) and 4 (92.66\u00b113.19%) were significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025) than that of the control Group 3 (58.99\u00b115.91%). The normalized UTS of Groups 2 (81.38\u00b15.68%) and 4 (90.18\u00b18.82%) were also significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) than that of the control (64.49\u00b19.26%). Although, Group 1 had higher mean stiffness and UTS values than the control, no statistically significant difference was found between these two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple laser therapy improves the normalized strength and stiffness of repairing rat MCLs at 3 weeks after injury. The multiple treatments seem to be superior to a single treatment when the cumulative dosages are comparable between the two modes of application. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:285\u2013289, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,10]],"date-time":"2004-03-10T08:01:58Z","timestamp":1078905718000},"page":"286-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparison of single and multiple applications of GaAlAs laser on rat medial collateral ligament repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Y.F.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dicky T.C.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mason C.P.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900150309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(86)90053-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90237-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Physical therapy modalities for wound management","volume":"42","author":"Gogia PP","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749409103048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900050105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70062-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30231-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1999.17.29","article-title":"Low power laser therapy and analgesic action","volume":"17","author":"Tam G","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(94)00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900140408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(92)90067-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"539","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of low\u2010power density He\u2010Ne laser radiation on human fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Hrnjak M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:5<281::AID-LSM4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:5<294::AID-LSM6>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1997)20:3<340::AID-LSM13>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.94-OR-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198701000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199806000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475x.2001.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.8.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1990.8.47","article-title":"Morphometrics of collagen fibril populations in He:Ne laser photostimulated tendons","volume":"8","author":"Enwemeka CS","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-363706-2.50010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Physical therapies in sport and exercise","author":"Ng GYF","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Collagen. Vol. 2","author":"Parry DAD","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Textbook of science and medicine in sport","author":"Oakes BW","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Fundamentals of biomechanics\u2014Equilibrium, motion and deformation","author":"Ozkaya N","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198506000-00005"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.20015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T06:36:58Z","timestamp":1700203018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.20015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.20015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}