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Assessment of clinical parameters (plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL)), surgical defect examination, and histo\u2010pathological examination of peri\u2010implant tissue biopsies was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients exhibited improvements of all clinical parameters investigated. However, histo\u2010pathological examination of tissue biopsies revealed a mixed chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) which seemed to be encapsulated by deposition of irregular bundles of fibrous connective tissue showing increased proliferation of vascular structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was concluded that a single course of non\u2010surgical treatment of peri\u2010implantitis using ERL may not be sufficient for the maintenance of failing implants. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,21]],"date-time":"2006-04-21T21:50:05Z","timestamp":1145656205000},"page":"663-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Clinical and histological healing pattern of peri\u2010implantitis lesions following non\u2010surgical treatment with an Er:YAG 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