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Therefore, intensive studies are being pursued in order to define the scope and field of application of this approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optimal cytocidal activity against a large variety of bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens has been found to be typical of photosensitizers that are positively charged at physiological pH values (e.g., for the presence of quaternarized amino groups or the association with polylysine moieties) and are characterized by a moderate hydrophobicity (n\u2010octanol\/water partition coefficient around 10). These photosensitizers in a micromolar concentration can induce a &gt;4\u20135 log decrease in the microbial population after incubation times as short as 5\u201310 minutes and irradiation under mild experimental conditions, such as fluence\u2010rates around 50 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and irradiation times shorter than 15 minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDT appears to represent an efficacious alternative modality for the treatment of localized microbial infections through the in situ application of the photosensitizer followed by irradiation of the photosensitizer\u2010loaded infected area. Proposed clinical fields of interest of antimicrobial PDT include the treatment of chronic ulcers, infected burns, acne vulgaris, and a variety of oral infections. Lasers Surg. 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