{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:47:35Z","timestamp":1761630455342},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,24]],"date-time":"2007-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photodynamic therapy using 20% 5 aminolevulinic acid (5\u2010ALA) has recently been introduced as a new tool in optical skin rejuvenation. The primary objective of this study was to optimize incubation time, the topical delivery mechanism (vehicle) and the concentration of 5\u2010ALA by detecting the dynamic changes of normal skin after 5\u2010ALA application. The secondary objective was to develop a treatment regime which minimizes post\u2010treatment photosensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin fluorescence distribution patterns after topical application of low concentrations of 5\u2010ALA (0.5% and 1% preparations encapsulated in liposomes), were investigated. Twenty percent 5\u2010ALA in moisturizing cream was used as a control. Ten healthy volunteers participated, and skin fluorescence was documented by fluorescent photography. The fluorescent intensity was measured in % of maximum obtained fluorescence after 3 hours 5\u2010ALA application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin fluorescence intensity after topical application of 0.5% and 1% non\u2010occluded liposome\u2010encapsulated 5\u2010ALA application was heterogeneous distributed and reached saturation level after approximate 2 hours. The maximal fluorescence for 0.5% and 1% 5\u2010ALA treated areas was 4.2% (SD: 3.5%) and 2.4% (SD: 2%), respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036). The fluorescence decayed linearly shortly (within 15 minutes) after end of application and was back to baseline within 8 hours. In contrast, the fluorescence of areas treated more than 1 hour with 20% 5\u2010ALA was very uniform and a linear relationship (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.998) to the incubation time (0\u20133 hours) was registered. Furthermore, fluorescence intensity (15.2\u201357.9%) continued to increase after the end of 5\u2010ALA application. The maximum fluorescence reach a level of 1.6\u20139 times the fluorescence measured by end of the 5\u2010ALA application and occurred 8:13 hours (SD: 0:49 hours) after the end of 20% 5\u2010ALA application. The average skin surface fluorescence induced by the liposome\u2010encapsulated 0.5% 5\u2010ALA applied for longer than 2 hours, was found to be statistically equal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47) to the average measured skin surface fluorescence (4.2%) obtained after 30 minutes exposure to 20% 5\u2010ALA cream (4.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changing the 5\u2010ALA vehicle from a moisturizing cream to liposome encapsulation, the 5\u2010ALA concentration can be lowered by a factor of 40, and still induce the same skin fluorescence and at the same time eliminates the need for occlusion. The low post\u2010treatment fluorescence also suggests a significantly reduced risk of post\u2010treatment phototoxicity. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 302\u2013310, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,24]],"date-time":"2007-04-24T19:47:56Z","timestamp":1177444076000},"page":"302-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["5\u2010ALA for photodynamic photorejuvenation\u2014optimization of treatment regime based on normal\u2010skin fluorescence 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