{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:01:23Z","timestamp":1770973283389,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1189728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to many techniques currently employed for osteotomy, like saws, drills or modulated ultrasound, lasers offer non\u2010contact and low\u2010vibration bone cutting. Therefore, this report examines the benefits to laser osteotomy in oral surgery using two different short\u2010pulsed Er:YAG laser systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Er:YAG lasers, using either a fiber\u2010optic delivery system and an articulated arm delivery system, were used to remove impacted teeth in 30 patients. In 15 patients an Er:YAG laser utilizing a fiber\u2010optic delivery system was applied for cutting bone, with a pulse energy of 500 mJ, a pulse duration of 250 microseconds and frequency of 12 Hz (energy density 177 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The other 15 patients were treated with an Er:YAG laser utilizing an articulated arm delivery system, with a pulse energy of 1,000 mJ, a pulse duration of 300 microseconds and a frequency of 12 Hz (energy density 157 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all cases the lasers allowed precise bone ablation without any visible, negative, thermal side\u2010effects. Since the laser tip was used in a non\u2010contact mode and could be positioned freely, unrestricted cut geometries were feasible. Adjacent soft tissue structures could be preserved and were not harmed by the laser beam. However, osteotomies were time consuming, especially if teeth had to be separated. The level of water irrigation limited the use of the laser. In 20% of the cases in which the articulated arm delivery laser was used to section teeth, it was necessary to use a conventional dental drill to finish the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This bone ablation technique, using short Er:YAG laser pulses and water spray, produced good clinical results without any impairment to wound healing. However, for now, the lack of depth control and the time required to perform the necessary osteotomy limit routine clinical application. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:583\u2013588, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T20:47:25Z","timestamp":1189802845000},"page":"583-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Er:YAG laser osteotomy for removal of impacted teeth: Clinical comparison of two techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"St\u00fcbinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"vet Brigitte","family":"von 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