{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:17:37Z","timestamp":1782782257315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractional photothermolysis is a popular treatment option for photodamaged skin and other cutaneous conditions. Recently, successful improvement in melasma has been achieved with this laser system. We undertook this study to evaluate the ultrastructural changes associated with fractional laser treatment of melasma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten subjects with skin types III and IV and a clinical diagnosis of epidermal melasma were treated with a 1,550\u2010nm erbium:glass laser delivering light in a fractional manner (Fraxel SR 750, Reliant Technologies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) every 2 weeks for a total of four sessions. Biopsies were obtained from all subjects both before treatment and at 3 months following the final treatment. All biopsies were analyzed by light and electron microscopy for treatment\u2010induced changes. In addition, a secondary endpoint of the study was to assess for clinical improvement in melasma following fractional resurfacing. This assessment was performed by the investigator using pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment photographs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Light microscopy on post\u2010treatment specimens showed a relative decrease in melanocytes compared to the pre\u2010treatment ones. Post\u2010treatment electron microscopy revealed fewer melanocytes and a relative absence of melanin in the surrounding keratinocytes compared to pre\u2010treatment specimens. In addition, six subjects with skin type III were determined to have good improvement, whereas four subjects with skin type IV had fair improvement, as assessed by the investigator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010treatment ultrastructural changes are consistent with an elimination process and may help to explain clinical improvement following laser treatment. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:134\u2013138, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1204128999000},"page":"134-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of melasma after fractional resurfacing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2006.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764170600607251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"BernsteinLJ KimK ChapasA GeronemusR.Treatment of striae distensae with fractional photothermolysis. 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