{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:21:17Z","timestamp":1700007677846},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]],"date-time":"2009-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Family Health International, Durham, NC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male sterilization (vasectomy) is more successful, safer, less expensive, and easier to perform than female sterilization (tubal ligation). However, female sterilization is more popular, primarily due to male fear of vasectomy complications (incision, bleeding, infection, and scrotal pain). The development of a completely noninvasive vasectomy technique may eliminate these concerns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ytterbium fiber laser radiation with a wavelength of 1,075 nm, average power of 11.7 W, 1\u2010second pulse duration, 0.5 Hz pulse rate, and 3\u2010mm\u2010diameter spot was synchronized with cryogen cooling of the scrotal skin surface in canine tissue for a treatment time of 60 seconds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vas thermal lesion dimensions measured 2.0\u00b10.3 mm diameter by 3.0\u00b10.9 mm length, without evidence of skin damage. The coagulated vas bursting pressure measured 295\u00b172 mm\u2009Hg, significantly higher than typical vas ejaculation pressures of 136\u00b1 29 mm\u2009Hg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noninvasive thermal coagulation and occlusion of the vas was produced in an ex vivo canine tissue model. However, chronic in vivo animal studies will be necessary to optimize the laser\/cooling treatment parameters and confirm long\u2010term vas occlusion with absence of sperm in the ejaculate, before clinical application. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:203\u2013207, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,3]],"date-time":"2009-04-03T15:19:06Z","timestamp":1238771946000},"page":"203-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Noninvasive laser vasectomy: Preliminary ex vivo tissue studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Cilip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Jarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel M.","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical sterilization in the United States: Prevalence and statistics, 1965\u20131995","volume":"23","author":"Chandra A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54485-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199912000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1338","volume-title":"Campbell's urology","author":"Goldstein M","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48379-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Vasectomy by electrocautery: Outcomes in a series of 2,500 patients","volume":"21","author":"Denniston GC","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"Complications in a series of 1224 vasectomies","volume":"33","author":"Alderman PM","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00482-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38334-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.966604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089277903772036307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80303-3"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.20744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T17:45:37Z","timestamp":1699983937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.20744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.20744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20744","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}