{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1777104987741,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photothermal sensitisation has been recently proposed as a novel approach for the treatment of solid tumours through the development of a therapeutic modality named photothermal therapy (PTT). The technique involves the use of high power pulsed laser irradiation and photosensitising agents with especially short lifetime (in the subnanosecond range) in the electronically excited states. This study aims to investigate the molecular features of the photosensitiser which optimise the photothermal activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two octabutoxy\u2010naphthalocyanines centrally coordinated with Pd(II) or Pt(II) ions were prepared by chemical synthesis and tested for their affinity and photothermal sensitisation activity toward a selected tumour cell line, namely B78H1 amelanotic melanoma. Irradiations were performed by using a Ti:sapphire laser operated in a pulsed regime (10\u2009Hz, 30\u2009nanosecond pulses, 120\u2009mJ) at 809\u2009nm (Pt) or 826\u2009nm (Pd). The subcellular distribution pattern of the photosensitiser was also assessed by optical microscopy, while the nature of the photoinduced cell damage was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The results thus obtained provided a basis for subsequent in vivo studies, aimed at defining the phototherapeutic efficiency of the two metallo\u2010naphthalocyanines: the photosensitisers were i.v. injected into C57BL\/6 mice bearing a subcutaneously transplanted amelanotic melanoma and at 24\u2009hours post\u2010injection the tumour area was irradiated by the Ti:sapphire laser using the same protocol as above detailed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both naphthalocyanines exhibited a high affinity for the amelanotic melanoma cells. The subcellular distribution pattern was modulated by the incubation time: after 48\u2009hours incubation with 7.7\u2009\u00b5M Pd\u2010 and Pt derivatives, the naphthalocyanine appeared to localise in specific sites with a gradual formation of aggregated clusters. Subsequent irradiation of the naphthalocyanine\u2010loaded cells caused an extensive cell death; the photoinduced damage, as observed at the scanning electron microscope, mainly consisted in the formation of large endocellular holes consequent to the loss of cytoplasmic material. This scenario is typical of photothermal sensitisation processes. Lastly, both metallo\u2010naphthalocyanines, and in particular the Pd(II) derivative, promoted an important response by the amelanotic melanoma, when the neoplastic tissue was irradiated by the pulsed Ti:sapphire laser. In certain cases, the photothermal treatment appeared to be curative. In all cases, the in vivo photodamage was confined within the tumour area with no detectable involvement of the perilesional tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTT appears to act very efficiently at least on subcutaneous tumours. The technique can be used either in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or as an alternative to PDT in those cases where the latter modality displays a limited efficacy, such as in the treatment of pigmented or poorly vascularised tumours. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:665\u2013673, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T14:45:13Z","timestamp":1254235513000},"page":"665-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Metallo\u2010naphthalocyanines as photothermal sensitisers for experimental tumours: In Vitro and in vivo studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Camerin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santi","family":"Rello\u2010Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeles","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.J.","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Jori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1996.tb01828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b311900a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01529-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847551658"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460500400308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"939","article-title":"New directions in photodynamic therapy","volume":"48","author":"Gudgin Dickson EF","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm040074b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00267-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0343095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867053764653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85078-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja990331f"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja974101h"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12324514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12277339"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70449-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.15.5454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(97)04707-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.418"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847551658-00127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(99)00132-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b416418k"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja963702q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00636a033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1733166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp037846k"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01534903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro tumour cell lines: Characteristics and models for human cancer","volume":"41","author":"Rockwell S","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5991-3_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","first-page":"146\u20101","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology","author":"Jori G","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","unstructured":"SoldatovaA RodgersMAJ.J Am Chem Soc. Submitted for publication (in press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00071a027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02353.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Topics in Photomedicine","author":"Jori G","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20846","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.20846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T20:39:22Z","timestamp":1699907962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.20846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.20846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20846","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]}}}