{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:04:58Z","timestamp":1792782298363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,17]],"date-time":"2010-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DOD Medical Free Electron Laser Program","award":["FA9550-04-1-0079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-04-1-0079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have developed a light\u2010activated method called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) for closing wounds using green light and a photosensitizing dye (Rose Bengal\u2014RB) to initiate photochemical crosslinking of wound surface proteins. These studies were designed to determine whether RB causes phototoxicity during closure of skin incisions with PTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RB phototoxicity was evaluated after sealing incisions in porcine skin ex vivo and rabbit skin in vivo using PTB (1\u2009mM RB, 100\u2009J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 532\u2009nm, 0.3 or 0.5\u2009W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .) Dead cells were identified by pyknotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm on H&amp;E\u2010stained sections. The influence on RB phototoxicity of penetration of RB into the wound wall (by confocal microscopy), RB concentration in the tissue (by extraction), and fluence of 532\u2009nm reaching depths in skin (calculated from skin optical properties) were investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant differences were found in the percent dead cells in PTB\u2010treated and control incisions in porcine skin at 24\u2009hours or in rabbit skin at 2\u2009hours and 3 and 7 days after surgery. RB was retained in a \u223c100\u2009\u00b5m wide band next to the wound wall. The mean RB concentration within this band was 0.42\u00b10.03\u2009mM. Monte Carlo modeling of light distribution indicated that the fluence rate decreased from the subsurface peak to 0.5\u2009W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in the mid\u2010dermis (\u223c350\u2009\u00b5m.) In vitro RB phototoxicity to dermal fibroblasts yielded an LD\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 0.50\u00b10.09\u2009J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      when the cells contained 0.46\u2009mM RB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PTB does not cause phototoxicity when used to repair skin wounds even though the RB concentration and 532\u2009nm fluence in the mid\u2010dermis during PTB are much greater than the LD\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      for RB phototoxicity in vitro. These results indicate that phototoxicity is not a concern when using PTB for tissue repair. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:123\u2013131, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,17]],"date-time":"2010-02-17T15:08:20Z","timestamp":1266419300000},"page":"123-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Phototoxicity is not associated with photochemical tissue bonding of skin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Yaroslavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank P.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Redmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene E.","family":"Kochevar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20548"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2004.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(65)90721-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Suitability criteria for compartmental analysis of the plasma clearance curve of exogenous cholephils. 131i Rose Bengal fulfils these criteria","volume":"30","author":"Pirotte J","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760410001712764"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001185200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)19004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01361-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700449"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.4.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(96)07406-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.429920"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2398928"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.6.1056"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.8.3.701","article-title":"The uptake of vitamins by mouse fibroblast cells (strains) during growth in a chemically defined medium","volume":"8","author":"Blaker GJ","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"535","article-title":"On the theory of the diffusion of radiation in a semi\u2010infinite medium","volume":"3","author":"Minin I","year":"1958","journal-title":"Sov Phys Dokl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.28.002256"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2437156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000232554.13719.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.3.3.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000164538.72375.93"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Production of radicals by singlet oxygen reaction: An e.S.R. 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