{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T13:11:29Z","timestamp":1726405889233},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) lasers are an important part of dental treatment. Advances in laser technology have produced microsecond pulse durations and small beam sizes. The histological effects of porcine intraoral soft tissue with a range of microsecond\u2010pulsed CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser parameters used for incision and sulcular debridement were evaluated in vitro and compared with historical histologic data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fresh pig mandibles were used to perform incision and sulcular debridement using a microsecond\u2010pulsed CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser. <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910,600\u2009nm, articulated arm delivered non\u2010contact with spot size 200\u2009\u00b5m, 500\u2009\u00b5m, and 1\u2009mm, and focal distance of 1\u2009mm. For sulcular debridement, epithelium within periodontal pocket (6\u2009mm\u00d76\u2009mm) was removed. Laser parameters for incision were from 30\u2009Hz, 350\u2009microseconds, 28\u2009mJ and energy density of 143\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 90\u2009Hz, 1,000\u2009microseconds, 60\u2009mJ, and 1,911\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Width and depth of tissue removed, as well as coagulation effects of the tissue treated were measured. These were compared to historical histologic database. Laser\u2010treated surfaces were observed qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All laser parameters studied were able to reach the defined simulation objectives in reasonable amounts of time, less than a minute for incision and &lt;20\u2009seconds for sulcular debridement. The depth of the cut was significantly greater than the historical 95% confidence interval, but equivalent for width, lateral, and deep coagulation to the historical database. Sulcular debridement was achieved with minimal coagulation, &lt;100\u2009\u00b5m. SEM analysis did not identify any alteration to enamel, dentin, or bone during sulcular debridement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment objectives of incision and sulcular debridement were achieved with minimal lateral and deep coagulation in reasonable amount of time. Microsecond\u2010pulsed CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> lasers can be safely and effectively used for incision and sulcular debridement. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:257\u2013263, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T16:27:22Z","timestamp":1269361642000},"page":"257-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro study of the soft tissue effects of microsecond\u2010pulsed CO<sub>2<\/sub> laser parameters during soft tissue incision and sulcular debridement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ram M.","family":"Vaderhobli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(65)90351-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900070213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1998.16.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3426289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374870010010701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740101201"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"873","article-title":"Laser beam effect on dental hard tissues","volume":"43","author":"Stern RH","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345720510023501"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Thermal effects of the carbon dioxide laser on teeth","volume":"4","author":"Leighty SM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lasers Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(01)00028-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00281-6","article-title":"Laser in dentistry. 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