{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T09:16:09Z","timestamp":1775898969409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]],"date-time":"2010-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optimal selective photothermolysis of a pigment particle requires pulse durations equal to or less than the particle's thermal relaxation time (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\u00bd<\/jats:sub>). Since tattoo particles in skin range in diameter from 40 to 300\u2009nm, picosecond pulses would approximate <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\u00bd<\/jats:sub> more closely and, therefore, might be more effective at tattoo particle fragmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>India Ink (carbon) or iron oxide tattoos were placed on the back of a Yorkshire pig. Six weeks later, each tattoo was treated with either a 758\u2009nm 500\u2009picosecond laser (Cynosure), a 755\u2009nm 30\u201350\u2009nanoseconds laser, or left untreated. After 4 weeks, clinical responses were evaluated by three dermatologists based on pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment photographs; histopathologic findings were evaluated by a dermatopathologist; and electron microscopic findings were analyzed for treated and non\u2010treated carbon tattoos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a single treatment, picosecond\u2010domain pulses at 758\u2009nm produced a significantly greater degree of carbon tattoo clearance compared to nanosecond\u2010domain pulses at 755\u2009nm. For iron oxide tattoos, both modalities produced minimal\u2010to\u2010poor clearance that was generally comparable. Neither modality resulted in scarring, textural changes, or hypopigmentation, and there was no histopathologic evidence of scarring. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of amorphous material (treated pigment) in picosecond and nanosecond laser\u2010treated tattoos, consistent with effective targeting of India Ink pigment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 758\u2009nm 500\u2009picosecond laser is more effective at carbon tattoo clearance after one session in a porcine model than the 30\u201350\u2009nanosecond laser emitting at a similar wavelength. Both lasers cleared carbon tattoos more effectively than iron oxide tattoos. Both lasers have a comparable safety profile, and neither produced clinical or histopathologic scarring. Further studies in humans are necessary to evaluate whether repeated treatments with picosecond versus nanosecond domain modalities might yield superior tattoo pigment clearance with a comparable safety profile. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:640\u2013646, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,8]],"date-time":"2010-09-08T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1283962026000},"page":"640-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Safety and effectiveness of black tattoo clearance in a pig model after a single treatment with a novel 758\u2009nm 500\u2009picosecond laser: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Leonid","family":"Izikson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Farinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Tannous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.7.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:1<13::AID-LSM4>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70444-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.73.1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.47.2768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.77.056403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.095001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680290082012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900160203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00069.x"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.20942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.20942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T04:33:25Z","timestamp":1696912405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.20942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.20942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20942","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]]}}}