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Coulter Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 CA132032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA132032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several research groups have demonstrated the non\u2010invasive diagnostic potential of diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and laser\u2010induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques for early cancer detection. By combining both modalities, one can simultaneously measure quantitative parameters related to the morphology, function and biochemical composition of tissue and use them to diagnose malignancy. The objective of this study was to use a quantitative reflectance\/fluorescence spectroscopic technique to determine the optical properties of normal skin and non\u2010melanoma skin cancers and the ability to accurately classify them. An additional goal was to determine the ability of the technique to differentiate non\u2010melanoma skin cancers from normal skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprised 48 lesions measured from 40 patients scheduled for a biopsy of suspected non\u2010melanoma skin cancers. White light reflectance and laser\u2010induced fluorescence spectra (wavelength range\u2009=\u2009350\u2013700\u2009nm) were collected from each suspected lesion and adjacent clinically normal skin using a custom\u2010built, optical fiber\u2010based clinical instrument. After measurement, the skin sites were biopsied and categorized according to histopathology. Using a quantitative model, we extracted various optical parameters from the measured spectra that could be correlated to the physiological state of tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scattering from cancerous lesions was significantly lower than normal skin for every lesion group, whereas absorption parameters were significantly higher. Using numerical cut\u2010offs for our optical parameters, our clinical instrument could classify basal cell carcinomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 89%, respectively. Similarly, the instrument classified actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 50%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The measured optical properties and fluorophore contributions of normal skin and non\u2010melanoma skin cancers are significantly different from each other and correlate well with tissue pathology. A diagnostic algorithm that combines these extracted properties holds promise for the potential non\u2010invasive diagnosis of skin cancer. Lasers Surg. 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