{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:38:22Z","timestamp":1779233902223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>ALA (5\u2010aminolevulinic acid) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment option for acne. However, it needs a relatively long incubation period and adverse effects are common. Indole\u20103\u2010acetic acid (IAA) is not toxic by itself but produces free radicals with ultraviolet B. In this study we examined the potential of IAA as a photosensitizer for acne treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free radical formation was measured after visible light irradiation of IAA. Antimicrobial effect was evaluated by assessing growth suppression of <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> after IAA PDT. To evaluate the histological changes, skin biopsies were performed on nude mice skin after IAA PDT. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of IAA PDT, 14 acne patients were treated with the following IAA PDT regimen: three times each with a 15\u2009minutes incubation period and a 2\u2010week interval. The number of inflammatory lesions and the amount of sebum secretion were then assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IAA produced free radicals with green light irradiation. Importantly, IAA lost its photosensitizing ability after exposure to certain amount of light. This implies IAA PDT would not require post\u2010procedure photo\u2010protection. The growth of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> were significantly suppressed with IAA PDT. In addition, IAA PDT treated skin showed destruction of follicular ostia epithelium. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between a 4\u2009hours and a 30\u2009minutes incubation, which means that longer absorption time is not necessary for IAA PDT. In the clinical study, inflammatory lesions and sebum secretion were significantly reduced. The procedure was painless and no adverse effect was observed. Photo\u2010protection was not performed and there were no further phototoxic responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IAA PDT has therapeutic effects on acne via its antimicrobial activities, its sebum\u2010reducing effect and through relieving follicular occlusion. It is a very simple and safe treatment option for acne. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:200\u2013205, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T15:21:10Z","timestamp":1300202470000},"page":"200-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Indole\u20103\u2010acetic acid: A potential new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jung\u2010Im","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Woong","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Hun","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung\u2010Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04119.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"2123","article-title":"Diagnosis and, treatment of acne","volume":"69","author":"Feldman S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06110.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"891","article-title":"Phototoxic damage to sebaceous glands and hair follicles of mice after systemic administration of 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid correlates with localized protoporphyrin IX fluorescence","volume":"136","author":"Divaris DX","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(92)85108-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11442"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00498-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023394610"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.2404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20081"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(96)07375-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20369"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050519b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12696885"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405040-00001"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.21029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.21029","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.21029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T14:53:44Z","timestamp":1696863224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.21029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.21029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.21029","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}