{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:56:17Z","timestamp":1788890177598,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center Inaugural Fund"},{"name":"Omni Sciences Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wavelengths near \u223c1,720\u2009nm are of interest for targeting fat\/lipid\u2010rich tissues due to the high absorption coefficient of human fat and low water scattering and absorption. In this study, a 1,708\u2009nm laser was built and shown to selectively target fat\/lipid adjacent to porcine heart and dermis and then used to damage dermal sebaceous glands in human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>An all\u2010fiber 1,708\u2009nm laser with \u223c4\u2009W maximum power was designed and built. Selectivity for targeting fat\/lipid was studied by exposing porcine heart and skin tissue cross\u2010sections to the 1,708\u2009nm laser. Human skin treatments to damage sebaceous glands were performed both with and without cold window cooling. Histochemical evaluation on the frozen sections was performed using methylthiazolyldiphenyl\u2010tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histochemical analysis of porcine tissue cross\u2010sections showed that 1,708\u2009nm laser can selectively damage pericardial fat(heart) and subcutaneous fat(skin) with little to no damage to the myocardium and the dermis, respectively. In human skin, histochemical evaluation without contact cooling showed damage to both epidermis and dermis. With cooling, epidermis was spared and damage was observed in dermis extending \u223c0.4\u20131.65\u2009mm from the skin surface at an average laser fluence of \u223c80\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Selective damage of sebaceous glands was suggested but not definitively demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed an all\u2010fiber 1,708\u2009nm laser capable of damaging majority of the sebaceous glands in the dermis and thus may have potential applications in the treatment of conditions such as acne vulgaris whose pathophysiology involves disorders of sebaceous glands. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:470\u2013480, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T19:48:54Z","timestamp":1310672934000},"page":"470-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Photothermolysis of sebaceous glands in human skin ex vivo with a 1,708\u2009nm Raman fiber laser and contact cooling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Vinay V.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed N.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Orringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200510000-00005","article-title":"Nonablative phototherapy for acne vulgaris using the KTP 532nm laser","volume":"31","author":"Baugh WP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2010.00483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:2<186::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2004.30256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.10.978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.23.2834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198604000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1982.01650200023009","article-title":"Isotretinoin in the treatment of acne","volume":"118","author":"Goldstein J","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Selective photothermolysis to target sebaceous glands","volume":"40","author":"Sakamoto FH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Soc Laser Med Surg Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.32.000586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.64.001107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1344191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3426282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"Springer series in optical sciences","author":"Islam MN","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70296-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","volume-title":"Lasers and lights. Vol. 1, procedures in cosmetic dermatology","author":"Ross EV","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","volume-title":"Handbook of near\u2010infrared analysis","author":"Urbas AA","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.21085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.21085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.21085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:39:32Z","timestamp":1697294372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.21085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.21085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.21085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]}}}