{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:13:21Z","timestamp":1789442001589,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]],"date-time":"2011-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperhidrosis is a condition that affects a large percentage of the population and has a significant impact on peoples' lives. This report presents a technical overview of a new noninvasive, microwave\u2010based device for creating thermolysis of sweat glands. The fundamental principles of operation of the device are presented, as well as the design and optimization of the device to target the region where the sweat glands reside.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An applicator was designed that consists of an array of four waveguide antennas, a cooling system, and a vacuum acquisition system. Initially, the performance of the antenna array was optimized via computer simulation such that microwave absorption was maximized near the dermal\/hypodermal interface. Subsequently, hardware was implemented and utilized in pre\u2010clinical testing on a porcine model to optimize the thermal performance and analyze the ability of the system to create thermally affected zones of varying size yet centered on the target region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computer simulation results demonstrated absorption profiles at a frequency of 5.8\u2009GHz that had low amounts of absorption at the epidermis and maximal absorption at the dermal\/hypodermal interface. The targeted zone was shown to be largely independent of skin thickness. Gross pathological and histological response from pre\u2010clinical testing demonstrated the ability to generate thermally affected zones in the desired target region while providing protection to the upper skin layers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrate that microwave technology is well suited for targeting sweat glands while allowing for protection of both the upper skin layers and the structures beneath the subcutaneous fat. Promising initial results from simulation and pre\u2010clinical testing demonstrate the potential of the device as a noninvasive solution for sweat gland thermolysis. Lasers Surg. 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