{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:06:17Z","timestamp":1768028777224,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"LiteCure LLT"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photobiomodulation has been shown to modulate cellular protein production and stimulate tendon healing in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Previous studies have used class IIIb lasers with power outputs of less than 0.5\u2009W. Here we evaluate a dual wavelength (980\/810\u2009nm) class IV laser with a power output of 10\u2009W for the purpose of determining the efficacy of class IV laser therapy in alleviating the pain and dysfunction associated with chronic epicondylitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen subjects volunteered for laser therapy, or an identically appearing sham instrument in a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blinded clinical trial. Subjects underwent clinical examination (pain, function, strength, and ultrasonic imaging) to confirm chronic tendinopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon, followed by eight treatments of 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (laser), or sham over 18 days. Safety precautions to protect against retinal exposure to the laser were followed. The exam protocol was repeated at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No initial differences were seen between the two groups. In the laser treated group handgrip strength improved by 17\u2009\u00b1\u20093%, 52\u2009\u00b1\u20097%, and 66\u2009\u00b1\u20096% at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively; function improved by 44\u2009\u00b1\u20091%, 71\u2009\u00b1\u20093%, and 82\u2009\u00b1\u20092%, and pain with resistance to extension of the middle finger was reduced by 50\u2009\u00b1\u20096%, 93\u2009\u00b1\u20094%, and 100\u2009\u00b1\u20091% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In contrast, no changes were seen until 12 months following sham treatment (12 months: strength improved by 13\u2009\u00b1\u20092%, function improved by 52\u2009\u00b1\u20093%, pain with resistance to extension of the middle finger reduced by 76\u2009\u00b1\u20092%). No adverse effects were reported at any time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that laser therapy using the 10\u2009W class IV instrument is efficacious for the long\u2010term relief of the symptoms associated with chronic epicondylitis. The potential for a rapidly administered, safe and effective treatment warrants further investigation. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:311\u2013317, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T12:04:49Z","timestamp":1370261089000},"page":"311-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Class <scp>IV<\/scp> (10\u2009<scp>W<\/scp>) Laser Treatment for Epicondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Delia B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Selkirk College Castlegar British Columbia Canada V1N 4L3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Care ProMedica Health System Toledo Ohio 43615"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiologist Toledo Radiological Associates Toledo Ohio 43606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7338.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.1.7784585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-3-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Human tendons: Anatomy, physiology, and pathology","author":"Jozsa LG","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"Treatment of lateral epicondylitis (disease\/disorder overview)","volume":"76","author":"Johnson GW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"811","article-title":"Common overuse tendon problems: A review and recommendations for treatment","volume":"72","author":"Wilson JJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001821"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.029769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199711000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003524.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01494"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in chronic calcific tendonitis of the shoulder\u2014Is it effective","volume":"75","author":"Hearnden A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2004.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.020842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20101097.2011.00999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0445-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.2.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. 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