{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T01:39:19Z","timestamp":1785029959654,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coulter Foundation"},{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH\/NCI 1R21CA156078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NCI 1R21CA156078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fiberoptic microneedle device (FMD) was designed and fabricated for the purpose of enhancing the volumetric dispersal of macromolecules delivered to the brain through convection\u2010enhanced delivery (CED) by concurrent delivery of sub\u2010lethal photothermal hyperthermia. This study's objective was to demonstrate enhanced dispersal of fluid tracer molecules through co\u2010delivery of 1,064\u2009nm laser energy in an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> rodent model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>FMDs capable of co\u2010delivering fluids and laser energy through a single light\u2010guiding capillary tube were fabricated. FMDs were stereotactically inserted symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres of 16 anesthetized rats to a depth of 1.5\u2009mm. Laser irradiation (1,064\u2009nm) at 0 (control), 100, and 200\u2009mW was administered concurrently with CED infusions of liposomal rhodamine (LR) or gadolinium\u2013Evans blue\u2010serum albumin conjugated complex (Gd\u2013EBA) at a flow rate of 0.1\u2009\u00b5l\/min for 1\u2009hour. Line pressures were monitored during the infusions. Rodents were sacrificed immediately following infusion and their brains were harvested, frozen, and serially cryosectioned for histopathologic and volumetric analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis by ANOVA methods demonstrated that co\u2010delivery enhanced volumetric dispersal significantly, with measured volumes of 15.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for 100\u2009mW compared to 10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for its fluid only control and 18.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for 200\u2009mW compared to 10.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for its fluid only control. Brains treated with 200\u2009mW co\u2010delivery exhibited thermal lesions, while 100\u2009mW co\u2010deliveries were associated with preservation of brain cytoarchitecture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both lethal and sub\u2010lethal photothermal hyperthermia substantially increase the rate of volumetric dispersal in a 1\u2009hour CED infusion. This suggests that the FMD co\u2010delivery method could reduce infusion times and the number of catheter insertions into the brain during CED procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:418\u2013426, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1374043960000},"page":"418-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Fiberoptic microneedle device facilitates volumetric infusate dispersion during convection\u2010enhanced delivery in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"R. 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