{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:45:08Z","timestamp":1787499908024,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The increasing resistance of oral pathogens against antibiotic measures urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may play a crucial part in the future. The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial efficiency of aPDT using the photosensitizer safranine O with that of chlorhexidine (0.2% CHX) on an\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First the antibacterial activity of both measures against planktonic cultures of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ATCC 33399,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ATCC 25175,\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ATCC 10953,\n                      <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ATCC 33384 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 was observed. Then a patient specific\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm was established from plaque and saliva samples of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) with chronic periodontitis. The antibacterial effects of aPDT and of 0.2% CHX were determined on the\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilms cultivated for 24 and 72\u2009hours. After cultivation of the treated samples on blood agar (2 days) the results were quantified by counting the colony forming units (cfu\/ml).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Photodynamic treatment with safranine O showed a distinct antibacterial effect on\n                      <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Whereas\n                      <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was suppressed completely by aPDT, treatment with 0.2% CHX caused only a partial reduction. In the\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm model (24\u2010hour biofilm), aPDT caused a significantly higher bacterial killing than treatment with 0.2% CHX. Compared to the untreated control, there was no significant difference on the 72\u2010hour biofilm for both methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results show that oral\u2010pathogenic species in planktonic solution can be suppressed significantly by aPDT with safranine O. Especially for bacteria in a 24\u2010hour\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm, this method is more effective than treatment with 0.2% CHX. Both antibacterial treatments did not show any significant effect on the biofilm cultivated for 72\u2009hours. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:235\u2013243, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T03:37:26Z","timestamp":1390966646000},"page":"235-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Photodynamic antimicrobial effect of safranine O on an ex vivo periodontal biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Amelia C.","family":"Voos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Jena An der alten Post 4 07743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Jena An der alten Post 4 07743 Jena 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