{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:27:38Z","timestamp":1792801658546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is dependent on the localization of photosensitizer in the treatment volume at the time of illumination. Investigation of photosensitizer pharmacokinetics in and around the treatment volume aids in determining the optimal drug light interval for PDT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we have investigated the distribution of the photosensitizers chlorin e<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> and Bremachlorin in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell\u2010line OSC19\u2010Luc\u2010Gfp in a tongue tumor, tumor boundary, invasive tumor boundary, and normal tongue tissue by the use of confocal microscopy of frozen sections. Tongues were harvested at <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009[3, 4.5, 6, 24, 48]\u2009hours after injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both photosensitizers showed a decreasing fluorescence with increasing incubation time, and at all time points higher fluorescence was measured in tumor boundary than in tumor itself. For short incubation times, a higher fluorescence intensity was observed in the invasive tumor border and normal tissue compared to tumor tissue. Bremachlorin showed a small increase in tumor to normal ratio at 24 and 48\u2009hours incubation time. Ce6 was undetectable at 48\u2009hours. We did not find a correlation between photosensitizer localization and the presence of vasculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The modest tumor\/tumor boundary to normal selectivity of between 1.2 and 2.5 exhibited by Bremachlorin 24 and 48\u2009hours after administration may allow selective targeting of tongue tumors. Further studies investigating the relationship between Bremachlorin concentration and therapeutic efficacy PDT with long incubation times are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:224\u2013234, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T15:08:38Z","timestamp":1389884918000},"page":"224-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microscopic analysis of the localization of two chlorin\u2010based photosensitizers in OSC19 tumors in the mouse oral cavity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Floor","family":"van Leeuwen\u2013van Zaane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine Erasmus MC P.O. Box 2040 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter B.A.A.","family":"van Driel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Centre P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute A.","family":"Gamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine Erasmus MC P.O. Box 2040 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.A.","family":"Snoeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Centre P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri\u00ebtte S.","family":"de Bruijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy Erasmus MC P.O. 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