{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1790068699684,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]],"date-time":"2014-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Many patients with vitiligo remain in the refractory state despite the availability of numerous potential treatments. To the best of our knowledge, only one trial considers ablative fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser in the treatment of vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser followed by systemic sun exposure on non\u2010segmental vitiligo (NSV).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients presenting refractory NSV were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent three sessions, one month apart, of fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser therapy on the affected areas of the skin (L\u2010group). Five days after each laser treatment, patients were asked to expose themselves to the sun for 2\u2009hours on a daily basis. Objective and subjective clinical assessments were performed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The L\u2010group was then compared to a control group (C\u2010group) that consisted of vitiligo lesions in the same patients but with sun exposure as the exclusive therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the C\u2010group, the L\u2010group showed better improvement in both objective and subjective assessments. There were no noticeable adverse events in terms of scarring and Koebner phenomenon among others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients treated with both, laser sessions and sun exposure, improved their chronic NSV lesions. Improvement was less significant in patients who exhibited vitiligo lesions over articular surfaces such as elbows and underarms. The best results were observed in vitiligo plaques located on the face, neck and legs. Consequently, fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser followed by sun exposure could be considered as an alternative modality for the treatment of refractory vitiligo, especially in sunny regions. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:443\u2013448, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]],"date-time":"2014-05-30T10:43:35Z","timestamp":1401446615000},"page":"443-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Fractional laser for vitiligo treated by 10\u2009600\u2009nm ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by sun exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"H\u00e9lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology H\u00f4tel\u2010Dieu de France Faculty of Medicine Saint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Maatouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology H\u00f4tel\u2010Dieu de France Faculty of Medicine Saint Joseph University Beirut 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