{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:30:09Z","timestamp":1784730609785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007883","name":"Stichting Coolsingel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) is currently the gold standard treatment for port wine stains (PWS), although the degree of lesion blanching is variable and often unpredictable. This appears to be due to reformation and reperfusion of blood vessels. Rapamycin has shown potential as an antiangiogenic agent and may prevent the revascularization after PDL treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant use of (commercially available) topical rapamycin after PDL treatment in patients with PWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective, intra\u2010patient, randomized controlled trial. Four treatment areas of 1\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> were created in each PWS. PDL\u2010only treatment was compared to the following three treatments: PDL\u2009+\u2009rapamycin, PDL\u2009+\u2009Erbium YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum\u2009+\u2009rapamycin, and rapamycin monotherapy. We also compared PDL\u2009+\u2009Erbium YAG\u2009+\u2009rapamycin with PDL\u2009+\u2009rapamycin. The primary endpoint was the percentage clearance assessed colorimetrically at 6 months follow\u2010up. Secondary outcomes were photographic evaluation by an expert panel, patient satisfaction, treatment related pain, and safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen patients completed the treatment protocol. The highest percentage clearance was achieved with PDL\u2010only treatment (mean [SD] 16% [34]), but there were no statistically significant differences between treatments. The best photographic evaluation and highest patient satisfaction were also achieved with PDL\u2010only treatment, but only the difference between PDL\u2010only and rapamycin monotherapy was statistically significant. The treatment related pain was well tolerated. Application\u2010site pruritus was a frequent occurring adverse event. Allergic contact dermatitis to rapamycin occurred in one patient. There were no serious adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical application of the commercially available solution of rapamycin (Rapamune<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 0.1%) as an adjuvant to PDL treatment does not appear to improve PWS blanching. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:104\u2013109, 2017. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1466415265000},"page":"104-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Treatment of port wine stains using Pulsed Dye Laser, Erbium YAG Laser, and topical rapamycin (sirolimus)\u2014A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Greveling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam 3015 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol P.","family":"Prens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam 3015 CA Rotterdam The 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