{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:49:01Z","timestamp":1792705741136,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011026","name":"DUSA Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n The estimated incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is 700,000 cases per year. In the US, SCC incidence is highest among fair skinned adults older than 50 years of age. Thus, as the population ages, the reported number of SCCs will likely increase in the future. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA approved therapy for treatment of actinic keratoses (AKs), a precursor to cutaneous SCC lesions. The FDA approved incubation time of the photosensitizing agent 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is 14\u201318 hours. Recent studies have investigated short ALA incubation times of 1\u20133 hours with ALA and PDT demonstrating treatment success. Therefore, the question exists whether ALA incubation periods of less than 30 minutes are efficacious. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of short ALA incubation periods by measuring apoptosis after 10, 15, and 20 minutes of ALA incubation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n AG13145 normal human dermal fibroblasts HDFs were incubated with 10, 15, or 20 minute of ALA at various concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 1, and 2\u2009mM). After ALA incubation, samples were treated with 1,000 seconds (16 minutes 40 seconds) of Blu\u2010U fluorescent blue light (417\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009nm) for a fluence of 10\u2009J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n . Immediately following treatment with blue light, samples were collected and stained for apoptosis and necrosis with annexin\u2010V and 7\u2010aminoactinomycin D (7\u2010AAD), and then analyzed by flow cytometry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n HDFs incubated with ALA for 10\u2009minute at 36\u2009\n \u00b0<\/jats:bold>\n C followed by 10\u2009J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n of blue light had no statistically significant changes in apoptosis. HDFs incubated with ALA for 15 or 20 minutes at 36\u2009\n \u00b0<\/jats:bold>\n C followed by 10\u2009J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n of blue light had statistically significant increases in the percentages of cells positive for apoptosis in the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0\u2009mM ALA doses (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We found that incubation of ALA for at least 15 minutes followed by 10\u2009J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n of blue light resulted in a statistically significant increase in apoptosis. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:592\u2013598, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1490751759000},"page":"592-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Efficacy of ultra short sub\u201030 minute incubation of 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Eugene","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Sacramento VA Medical Center Mather California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Davis Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Sacramento VA Medical Center Mather California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Davis Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mamalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Sacramento VA Medical Center Mather California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Jagdeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Sacramento VA Medical Center Mather California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Davis Sacramento California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2016.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Jennifer M. Ortman VAV and Howard Hogan. An Aging Nation\u2010The Older Population in the United States. In: Commerce USDo ed. United States Census Bureau 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970615)79:12<2282::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.03029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12087"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"The use of photodynamic therapy in dermatology: Results of a consensus conference","volume":"5","author":"Nestor MS","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Short incubation PDT versus 5\u2010FU in treating actinic keratoses","volume":"2","author":"Smith S","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.22648","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.22648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T16:29:51Z","timestamp":1696350591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.22648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.22648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.22648","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]}}}