{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:13:44Z","timestamp":1788236024794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003663","name":"Small and Medium Business Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2436204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2436204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypertrophic scar (HTS) results from a connective tissue reaction to trauma, inflammation, surgery, or burn on skin. In spite of various techniques for wound generation, the degree of scar in animal models after healing is still unpredictable and less reproducible. The objective of the current study was to identify the appropriate method to create the maximal HTS tissue in a reliable manner by comparing three different methods <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 27 ICR mice were tested for the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> evaluations. Three different methods were applied to develop wounds on the back of each mice for quantitative evaluations on collagen formation: Group 1 (thermal burn), Group 2 (chemical burn), and Group 3 (physical punch). After injury, each lesion was photographed to examine physical variations in the wound areas. Histological analysis was conducted on days 0, 7, and 28 to assess the extent of the injury in the tissue and to quantitatively compare the amount of collagen formation after wound healing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with Groups 1 and 3, Group 2 demonstrated the largest wound area that gradually decreased with healing time. However, the minimal axial damage (along tissue depth) occurred to Group 2 at day 0 (183.7\u2009\u00b1\u200928.9, 38.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.2, and 296.0\u2009\u00b1\u200981.7\u2009\u00b5m for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). After 28 days, all the groups showed the complete healing and accompanied a significant increase in the number of fibroblast and collagen generation with well\u2010oriented and denser collagen fibers, in comparison with normal skin. Group 2 yielded twice thicker skin (both epidermis and dermis) than the other groups (970.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009108.8\u2009\u00b5m for Group 2 vs. 381.5\u2009\u00b1\u200930.8\u2009\u00b5m for Group 1 and 442.9\u2009\u00b1\u200956.3\u2009\u00b5m for Group 3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed chemical burn can be the optimal method to create collagenous scar tissue in the mouse model. Further <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> investigations with rat models will be performed to validate the current technique for laser scar treatment in terms of reliability and immunohistochemical responses. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:661\u2013668, 2018. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T08:54:47Z","timestamp":1515660887000},"page":"661-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative evaluations of hypertrophic scar formation in <i>in vivo<\/i> models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Myeongjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine\u2010Bio, Electrical &amp; Mechanical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea"},{"name":"Center for Marine\u2010Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197402000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"SundB. 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