{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:35:48Z","timestamp":1789932948456,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lidocaine acts as a local anesthetic by blocking transmembrane sodium channel permeability, but also induces the synthesis of heat shock proteins and sensitizes cells to hyperthermia. A previous study reported two cases of deep focal skin ulceration at points corresponding to depot local lidocaine injection sites after treatment with non\u2010ablative fractional resurfacing and it was hypothesized that lidocaine had focally sensitized keratinocytes to the thermal damage of laser treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lidocaine potentiates hyperthermia damage to both normal and cancerous skin cells using an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal skin cell lines (fibroblasts, keratinocytes), skin cancer cell lines (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma), and a mucosal cancer cell line (cervical carcinoma) were exposed to various concentrations of lidocaine (0\u20130.3%) with or without hyperthermia (37\u00b0C, 42\u00b0C).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to normal skin cells, we demonstrate that cancer cell lines show significantly increased cell toxicity when a moderate temperature (42\u00b0C) and low lidocaine concentrations (0.1\u20130.2%) are combined. The toxicity directly correlates with a higher percentage of cells in S\u2010phase (28\u201357%) in the cancer cell lines compared to normal skin cell lines (13\u201319%; R\u2010square 0.6752).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that lidocaine potentiates thermal sensitivity of cell cycle active skin cells. The direct correlation between cell toxicity and S\u2010phase cells could be harnessed to selectively treat skin and mucosal cancer cells while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Additional research pre\u2010clinically and clinically using several different heat sources (e.g., lasers, ultrasound, etc.) and lidocaine concentrations is needed to confirm and optimize these results. Lidocaine\u2010enhanced hyperthermia may provide a non\u2010invasive, alterative treatment option for highly proliferating, superficial skin, and mucosal lesions such as cancer or warts. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:88\u201394, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T13:40:53Z","timestamp":1539610853000},"page":"88-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Lidocaine\u2010induced potentiation of thermal damage in skin and carcinoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Adam B.","family":"Raff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina N.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Ivy Dermatology Group Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew M.","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Purschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/672873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108084200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2831::AID-CNCR2820541202>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.136671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"e297141","article-title":"Interaction of local anesthetics with biomembranes consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol: Mechanistic and clinical implications for anesthetic and cardiotoxic effects","volume":"2013","author":"Tsuchiya H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200407000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.59.3.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(02)00409-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101053108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553007114550601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"3780","article-title":"Sensitivity of different cell lines and of different phases in the cell cycle to hyperthermia","volume":"37","author":"Bhuyan BK","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flsm.23027","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T05:30:05Z","timestamp":1694583005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.23027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.23027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23027","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}