{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:08:59Z","timestamp":1771304939159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Switzerland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The osteo\u2010odonto\u2010kerato\u2010prosthesis (OOKP) procedure is a complex, multi\u2010stage, multidisciplinary surgical intervention for the treatment of severe corneal blindness. One step of the OOKP consists of creating a precise hole into a tooth in which an optic cylinder is subsequently inserted; its shape must ensure a perfect watertight fit. The Er: YAG laser (L) used in this study is part of CARLO\u00ae, the first laser osteotome that enables surgical planning based on computed tomography data, robot guidance, and a precise execution of laser cuts in teeth and bone tissue, using laser photoablation rather than conventional mechanical methods. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Er: YAG laser is non\u2010inferior compared to a conventional drill.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two bovine incisors were grounded to a thickness of 1.5\u2009mm. In 16 teeth, a 3.5\u2009mm hole was drilled progressively into each tooth, using dental burs (B) of increasing diameter that were attached to a fixed drill machine. In the other 16 teeth, a hole was created using an Er: YAG laser at a wavelength of 2.94\u2009\u00b5m (Part of CARLO\u00ae). In seven teeth of each group, the cylinder was inserted and fixated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. In the remaining seven teeth of each group, the cylinder was inserted without fixation material (press\u2010fit). After bonding and drying, all specimens were stored in water until force measurements were recorded using a uniaxial traction machine. The force required to move the optical cylinder out of the hole in the tooth was measured using an Instron 3344 testing system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) visualization of the holes created with the laser and the drill were performed in two teeth (SEM)\/four teeth (LM) per method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were found for the following parameters: B PMMA versus B press\u2010fit; B PMMA versus L press\u2010fit; L PMMA versus B press\u2010fit; L PMMA\u2013L press\u2010fit. This shows that PMMA bone cement fixation is superior to press\u2010fit. No significant differences were found between B PMMA\u2013L PMMA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.93) and B press\u2010fit\u2013L press\u2010fit (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83). The SEM pictures showed a smoother surface using L.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The laser cut holes were as strong as bur\u2010drilled holes, although SEM pictures showed a smoother surface of the laser cut holes. Hence, laser osteotomes open the possibility to custom fit the hole exactly to the width of the cylinder, which represents a potential advantage of the laser over the conventional bur. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:531\u2013537, 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T18:23:26Z","timestamp":1547576606000},"page":"531-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of an Er: YAG laser osteotome versus a conventional drill for the use in osteo\u2010 odonto\u2010keratoprosthesis (OOKP)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Britt\u2010Isabelle","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Peyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Osteotomy Tools AG (AOT) Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Kuske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Basel University Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Augello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery Kantonsspital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00f6tzau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Basel University Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Steineck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry University Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Deibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Osteotomy Tools AG (AOT) Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mathys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI) Nano Imaging Lab, Basel Bio\u2010Pharma Centre Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Advanced Osteotomy Tools AG (AOT) Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goldblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Basel University Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(97)00036-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"CD010229","article-title":"Lasers for caries removal in deciduous and permanent teeth","volume":"9","author":"Montedori A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Whitcher JP Srinivasan M Upadhyay MP. 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