{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:04:07Z","timestamp":1776312247947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JMEC Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microwave treatment is an effective non\u2010invasive treatment option for primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH), but the treatment parameters vary and no histopathological studies have been performed to validate clinical outcomes. This study investigated its efficacy and safety and histopathological changes after a single microwave treatment at the maximum energy level for PAH in Asians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, clinical, and histological split\u2010area randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed in Japan. Twenty\u2010six subjects underwent a single microwave treatment at the maximum energy level 5 (5.8\u2009GHz\/axilla) on the randomized side of axillae. The primary outcome was the mean difference between both sides in the improvement of modified single\u2010underarm Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (msHDSS) scores over the course of the 12\u2010month study period from baseline. The secondary outcomes were; the percentage of responders with at least a 2\u2010point drop in the msHDSS score of 3 or 4 group or with a 1\u2010point drop in the msHDSS score of 2 group; the percentage of responders with at least a 75% reduction in sweat weight over 12 months; recurrence rate; and adverse effects. We also performed a histological assessment for 13 selected subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four subjects completed the study. There were statistically significant differences in improvement of msHDSS scores between the microwave\u2010treated and control sides (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) from baseline at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. In the msHDSS score of 3 or 4 group, the percentage of responders with at least a 2\u2010point drop on the microwave\u2010treated side versus control side was 72.2 versus 11.1% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at 1 month, 83.3 versus 5.6% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at 3 months, 61.1 versus 38.9% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.317) at 6 months and 38.9 versus 16.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.264) at 12 months. The percentage of responders with at least a 75% reduction in sweat weight on the microwave\u2010treated side versus control side was 75.0 versus 37.5% at 1 month, 75.0 versus 29.2% at 3 months, 83.3 versus 50.0% at 6 months and 70.8 versus 33.3% at 12 months (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Recurrence on the microwave\u2010treated side was observed in 4.2% and 12.5% of 24 subjects at 3 and 12 months, respectively. No serious side\u2010effects were noted. Histology showed the diameter and density of secretory eccrine glands and nerve fiber lengths around eccrine glands were significantly decreased after treatment compared to baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002, 0.027, 0.003, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single\u2010session microwave treatment at the maximum energy level significantly improved the PAH of Japanese patients and had minimal side effects. This technique demonstrates that diminished size of secretory eccrine glands and nerve fiber degeneration could be useful markers for predicting the efficacy of the treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:1\u20138, 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T23:19:38Z","timestamp":1551309578000},"page":"592-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Clinical and histological evaluation of a single high energy microwave treatment for primary axillary hyperhidrosis in Asians: A prospective, randomized, controlled, split\u2010area comparative trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Kaminaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Dermatology and Photomedicine Wakayama Medical University Wakayama 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Dermatology Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bunsho","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery Tenjinshita Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuzaburo","family":"Tanino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery Tenjinshita Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Tanioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University Clinical Study Support Center Wakayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University Clinical Study Support Center Wakayama 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