{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1784042656716,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cure for Cancer"},{"name":"Urologie 1973"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>With catheter based optical coherence tomography (OCT), high resolution images of the upper urinary tract can be obtained, thereby facilitating the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC). We hypothesized that the attenuation coefficient of the OCT signal (\u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub>) is related to the histopathologic grade of the tumor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we aimed to define the \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> cut\u2010off for discriminating high grade and low grade papillary UTUC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this <jats:italic>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis, data from OCT imaging of papillary UTUC was obtained from patients during ureterorenoscopy. OCT images and raw data were simultaneously analyzed with in\u2010house developed software. The \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> determined in papillary UTUCs and corresponding histopathologic grading from either biopsies or radical resection specimens were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010five papillary UTUC from 35 patients were included. \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> analysis was feasible in all cases. The median \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> was 3.3\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (IQR 2.7\u20133.7\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for low\u2010grade UTUC and 4.9\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (IQR 4.3\u20136.1\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for high\u2010grade UTUC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). ROC analysis yielded a \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> cut\u2010off value of &gt;4.0\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (AUC\u2009=\u20090.85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 94% for high\u2010grade papillary UTUC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study proposes a \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> cut\u2010off of 4.0\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for quantitative grading of UTUC with ureterorenoscopic OCT imaging. The promising diagnostic accuracy calculations justify further studies to validate the proposed cut\u2010off value. Implementation of the software for the \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> analysis in OCT systems may allow for \u03bc<jats:sub>OCT<\/jats:sub> assessment at real time during ureterorenoscopy. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:399\u2013406, 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T08:02:07Z","timestamp":1553760127000},"page":"399-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Grading upper tract urothelial carcinoma with the attenuation coefficient of in\u2010vivo optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Erik","family":"Freund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk J.","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke T.","family":"Bus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ton G.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering 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