{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:19:51Z","timestamp":1771467591872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81673042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"With The Special Fund of The Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","award":["XTZD20180502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTZD20180502"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caf\u00e9\u2010au\u2010lait spots, also known as caf\u00e9\u2010au\u2010lait macules (CALMs), are a common pigmentary disorder. Although various laser modalities have been used to treat CALMs, the efficacy of laser treatment in children differs from that in adults. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and clinical factors of the treatment of CALMs using Q\u2010switched alexandrite laser (755\u2009nm) therapy in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 471 children with CALMs underwent Q\u2010switched alexandrite laser therapy at a treatment interval of 3\u201312 months. The safety and efficacy of the laser treatment were evaluated by reviewing clinical records and photographs before and after treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 471 patients, 140 (29.72%) were cured completely, 124 (26.33%) showed substantial improvement, 110 (23.35%) showed improvement, and 97 (20.60%) showed no improvement after one to nine treatments. The overall treatment success rate was 79.41%, and the treatment efficacy was positively correlated with the number of laser treatments (rs\u2009=\u20090.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Sex and the interval of laser treatments were also associated with significant differences in treatment outcomes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No obvious adverse effects were observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of treatments influenced the treatment efficacy (odds ratio, 2.130; 95% confidence interval, 1.561\u20132.908).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Q\u2010switched alexandrite laser (755\u2009nm) therapy is safe and highly effective for CALMs in children, and the number of treatments affects the treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. <jats:italic>Lasers in Surgery and Medicine<\/jats:italic> Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]],"date-time":"2019-05-26T06:59:53Z","timestamp":1558853993000},"page":"694-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Treatment of Caf\u00e9\u2010Au\u2010Lait Spots Using Q\u2010Switched Alexandrite Laser: Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 471 Children in Mainland China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zigang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  100045 Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Pediatric dermatology[M]","author":"MA LIN","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1993.tb00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690240080013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.22-3-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.12.985"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"An update on neurofibromatosis type 1: Not just caf\u00e9\u2010au\u2010Lait spots, freckling, and neurofibromas. 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