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The purpose of this study was to determine if image\u2010guided laser ablation can be used to selectively remove calculus from tooth surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, sequential near\u2010IR images at 1500\u20131700\u2009nm were used to guide a diode\u2010pumped (DPSS) Er:YAG laser for the removal of calculus from the root surfaces of 10 extracted teeth. The selectivity of removal was assessed using digital microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and surface profilometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calculus was removed rapidly with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin. Image\u2010guided ablation achieved high\u2010selectivity, the mean volume of calculus removal was more than 27 times higher than the mean loss of cementum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have demonstrated that near\u2010IR image\u2010guided laser ablation can be used for the selective removal of calculus from root surfaces <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, we have demonstrated that a diode\u2010pumped solid\u2010state Er:YAG laser is well suited for selective removal. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T18:33:19Z","timestamp":1561487599000},"page":"247-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Image\u2010Guided Ablation of Dental Calculus From Root Surfaces Using a DPSS Er:YAG Laser"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Fried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5327-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.6.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.5.744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-002-0241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.7.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3593150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.007419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720121401"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_1_14_1","first-page":"1015","article-title":"A micro\u2010Raman spectroscopic study of hydrazine\u2010treated human dental calculus","volume":"10","author":"Tsuda H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scanning Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3602851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/879252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.11.002259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.000573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.002804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2001.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1984.1072351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_28_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Early Detection of Dental Caries","author":"Angmar\u2010Masson BA","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016455"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_30_1","first-page":"X1","volume-title":"Lasers in Dentistry XXII, Proc. 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