{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:28:45Z","timestamp":1791930525159,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM008620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM008620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler\u2013Weber\u2013Rendu disease, causes recurrent mucous membrane hemorrhage, especially epistaxis. In this systematic review, we discuss the efficacies of the three most common laser photocoagulation treatments for HHT\u2010related epistaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE from database inception to March 2019. Studies reporting epistaxis outcomes following argon, neodymium\u2010doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), and diode laser photocoagulation for HHT were included. \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and Barnard's exact tests were utilized to detect differences in reduced epistaxis frequency and intensity rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen out of 157 published studies met our eligibility criteria, spanning a collective 362 patients. Argon, Nd:YAG, and diode laser therapy reduced epistaxis frequency in 90.4%, 88.9%, and 71.1% of patients, respectively, and reduced epistaxis intensity in 87.8%, 87.2%, and 71.1% of patients, respectively. Diode laser photocoagulation significantly underperformed in both outcome measurements when compared with argon (frequency: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005; intensity: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) and Nd:YAG (frequency: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012; intensity: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041). There was no significant difference between argon and Nd:YAG in reducing HHT epistaxis frequency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.434) or intensity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.969). Categorizing HHT patients by clinical severity demonstrated a higher rate of improvement in the mild\u2010moderate group compared with the severe group in both argon (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Nd:YAG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) therapeutic methods. While no significant differences were found in rates of improved epistaxis outcomes between argon and Nd:YAG in mild\u2010moderate HHT patients (frequency: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.061; intensity: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.061), Nd:YAG demonstrated greater rates of reduction in epistaxis frequency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040) and intensity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) than argon among severe HHT patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HHT is a lifelong disease, plaguing patients with debilitating epistaxis. Intranasal laser photocoagulation of telangiectasias using argon or Nd:YAG laser therapy can yield improved epistaxis outcomes compared with diode laser photocoagulation. In severe cases of HHT, Nd:YAG laser therapy provides greater improvements in epistaxis outcomes than argon photocoagulation. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T04:38:09Z","timestamp":1566535089000},"page":"293-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Laser\u2010Assisted Control of Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2656-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Abiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Irvine School of Medicine, University of California  1001 Health Sciences Rd Irvine CA 92617"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khodayar","family":"Goshtasbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Irvine School of Medicine, University of California  1001 Health Sciences Rd Irvine CA 92617"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Maducdoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of California  101 The City Dr. S., Bldg 56, Ste. 500, Orange Irvine CA 92868"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Sahyouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Irvine School of Medicine, University of California  1001 Health Sciences Rd Irvine CA 92617"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilene B.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)  10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 62\u2010132 Los Angeles CA 90095\u20101624"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward 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