{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1791883311678,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/18863\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/18863\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010specific low back pain (LBP) is responsible for triggering increased biomarkers levels. In this way, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may be an interesting alternative to treat these patients. One of the possible biological mechanisms of PBMT involved to decrease pain intensity in patients with musculoskeletal disorders is modulation of the inflammatory mediators\u2019 levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBMT compared with placebo on inflammatory mediators\u2019 levels and pain intensity in patients with chronic non\u2010specific LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospectively registered, randomized triple\u2010blinded (volunteers, therapists, and assessors), placebo\u2010controlled trial was performed. Eighteen patients with chronic non\u2010specific LBP were recruited and treated with a single session of active PBMT or placebo PBMT. The primary outcome of the study was serum prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels and the secondary outcomes were tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20106 levels, and pain intensity. All outcomes were measured before and after 15\u2009minutes of treatment session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PBMT was able to decrease prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels at post\u2010treatment compared with placebo, with a mean difference of \u22121470\u2009pg\/ml, 95% confidence interval \u22122906 to \u221233.67 in patients with LBP. There was no difference between groups in the other measured outcomes. Patients did not report any adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that PBMT was able to modulate prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels, indicating that this may be one of the mechanisms involved in the analgesic effects of PBMT in patients with LBP. Trial registration number (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>): NCT03859505. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T16:26:04Z","timestamp":1587745564000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Photobiomodulation Therapy is Able to Modulate PGE<sub>2<\/sub> Levels in Patients With Chronic Non\u2010Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaiane S.","family":"Tomazoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy Universidade Cidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Ces\u00e1rio Galeno S\u00e3o Paulo 03071\u2010000 Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care Physiotherapy Research Group  Kalfarveien Bergen 5018 Norway"},{"name":"ELJ Consultancy Scientific Consultants  Avenida Chibar\u00e1s S\u00e3o Paulo 04076\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo O. 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