{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1781036747594,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002602","name":"American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Educational Grant (CRM:0003501)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Educational Grant (CRM:0003501)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mycological diagnosis of onychomycosis is based on direct microscopy using external fluorophores to visualize fungal tissue in nail samples and agar culture. Ultraviolet fluorescence excitation imaging (u\u2010FEI) has shown potential in monitoring biological processes by exploiting variations in autofluorescence. This study aimed at assessing the potential of a handheld u\u2010FEI system as a practical screening tool for fungal nail infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety samples from 29 patients with microscopy\u2010confirmed fungal infection and 10 control samples from healthy participants were collected (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009100). Using a prototype u\u2010FEI system (single bandpass 25\u2009mm filter with a central pass wavelength of 340\u2009nm and a bandwidth of 12\u2009nm, 295\u2009nm excitation flash, resolution of 640\u2009\u00d7\u2009480), images of all samples were acquired under standardized conditions. Average and maximum fluorescence intensity image values in arbitrary units (AU) of manually delineated regions of interests were quantitated and statistically assessed for significant differences between healthy and mycotic samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>UV\u2010images clearly depicted all 100 nail samples, with a visibly stronger signal in infected samples. Statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in signal intensity between mycotic samples and healthy controls were observed for maximum and average fluorescence values. Mean fluorescence values of onychomycotic samples showed 23.9% higher maximum (mycotic: 34.9\u2009AU [standard deviation [SD] 4.7]; healthy: 28.2\u2009AU [SD 1.9]) and 10.2% higher average (mycotic: 27.6\u2009AU [SD 2.0]; healthy: 25.0\u2009AU [SD 0.7]) signal intensity values. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability (area under the curve\u2009&gt;\u20090.9). Analysis of fluorescence measurements of the reference standard demonstrated very low variation (coefficient of variation\u2009=\u20090.62%)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitation of u\u2010FEI intensities enables differentiation between healthy and mycotic nail samples, constituting a potential point\u2010of\u2010care tool for cost\u2010effective screening for onychomycosis at a primary care level. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T09:55:24Z","timestamp":1592214924000},"page":"245-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Noninvasive Assessment of Mycotic Nail Tissue Using an Ultraviolet Fluorescence Excitation Imaging System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9708-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinzent Kevin","family":"Ortner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen NV 2400 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walfre","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  50 Blossom St, Thier 209 Boston Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"Haedersdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen NV 2400 Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  50 Blossom St, Thier 209 Boston Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9656-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Alshede","family":"Philipsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen NV 2400 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"492","article-title":"Management of onychomycosis and co\u2010existing tinea pedis","volume":"14","author":"Lipner SP","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02802-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Part I: Onychomycosis: Clinical overview and diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Lipner SR","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004105"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of nail disorders","volume":"113","author":"Wollina U","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Aerztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FrancoW Gutierrez\u2010HerreraE PurschkeM et al. 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