{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T12:57:27Z","timestamp":1774184247552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) versus Q switched (QS) KTP (532\u2009nm) in the treatment of facial ephelides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized comparative split\u2010face study included a total of 30 female patients with bilateral facial ephelides. One cheek was treated by intra\u2010dermal TXA injections and the other was treated by QS\u2010KTP (532\u2009nm). Patient assessment was performed by photography, pigmentation area,\u00a0severity index and spectrophotometry at baseline, 1 week after treatment, and 2 months after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant difference was found between both sides regarding the percentage change of pigmentation area,\u00a0severity score (PSI) and melanin index (MI) after treatment and during follow up, favoring laser (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). PSI decreased after treatment by 66.5% and 15.4% (laser and TXA sides respectively), further decrease after follow\u2010up was\u00a069.4% with laser and 26.1% with TXA. MI improved by 3.7% after KTP laser to 7.7% after follow\u2010up and by 2.4% after TXA injections to 6.5% after follow\u2010up. Four patients developed post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation following QS\u2010KTP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>QS\u2010KTP laser is superior to intradermal TXA injection in the treatment of facial ephelides. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T10:38:22Z","timestamp":1593254302000},"page":"324-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Q\u2010Switched Nd:YAG (532\u2009nm) Laser Versus Intra\u2010Dermal Tranexamic Acid for Treatment of Facial Ephelides: A Split Face, Randomized, Comparative Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5220-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadiga S.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Tuqan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana F.","family":"Hilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7439807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lentigos, melanocytic naevi and melanoma","volume":"1","author":"Newton Bishop JA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rook's Textb Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690120051007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.7.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2012.670707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1002"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"Localized intradermal microinjection of tranexamic acid for treatment of melasma in Asian patients: A preliminary clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Lee JH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1115812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.560929"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Evaluating cultural competency and patient satisfaction in an urban dermatology clinic","volume":"23","author":"Wang JV","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Treatment of benign pigmented cutaneous lesions","author":"Goldman MP","year":"1994","journal-title":"In, Cutaneous Laser Surgery: The art and science of selective phototherolysis. 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