{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:41:26Z","timestamp":1790196086131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Slovenia","award":["L2-1833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-1833"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Slovenia","award":["L3-7658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L3-7658"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Slovenia","award":["P2-0392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0392"]}]},{"name":"Fotona d.o.o."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare temporal rates of debris removal from an artificial root canal for three laser\u2010assisted irrigation modalities single\u2010pulse super short pulse (SSP), and two dual\u2010pulse X\u2010SWEEPS and AutoSWEEPS, and for two fiber\u2010tip (FT) geometries flat and radial, and to evaluate the dependence of the debris flushing rate on the delay between the SWEEPS laser pulse pair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laser\u2010assisted irrigation was performed with a pulsed Er:YAG laser operating in single\u2010pulse SSP and dual\u2010pulse SWEEPS laser modalities. The laser energy was delivered to the water\u2010filled model access cavity through a FT with either a flat or radial ending. The X\u2010SWEEPS modality delivered pairs of laser pulses separated by a fixed adjustable delay, while with the AutoSWEEPS modality the delay was automatically and repeatedly swept between 200 and 600\u2009microseconds. The debris removal rate was determined with the use of a digital camera by measuring the rate at which a simulated debris was being flushed out of the artificial root canal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simulated debris removal rate of the AutoSWEEPS modality is almost three times higher compared with that of the SSP modality. Further, the flat FT outperforms the radial FT by a factor of more than five in the case of SSP, and by more than 10 with AutoSWEEPS. The X\u2010SWEEPS flushing rate exhibits strong dependence on the delay between the SWEEPS pulse pair, with the highest removal rate measured to be more than seven times higher in comparison with SSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dual\u2010pulse laser irrigation modalities (AutoSWEEPS and X\u2010SWEEPS) exhibit significantly higher simulated debris removal rates in comparison with the standard single\u2010pulse SSP laser\u2010assisted irrigation. As opposed to the previously reported dependence of pressure generation on FT geometry, the flat FT's simulated debris removal rate significantly outperforms the radial FT. \u00a9 2020 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Lasers in Surgery and Medicine<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T08:43:52Z","timestamp":1594111432000},"page":"411-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Measurement of Simulated Debris Removal Rates in an Artificial Root Canal to Optimize Laser\u2010Activated Irrigation 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