{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:50:39Z","timestamp":1778172639352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryotherapy for melanocytic lesions is often accompanied by collateral damage to\u00a0the surrounding skin, resulting in skin necrosis and scarring. Adipocytes, like melanocytes, are neural crest\u2010derived cells. Adipocytes have been shown to be more sensitive to cold exposure than their neighboring cells of ectodermal origin, such as epidermal keratinocytes. Such differential sensitivity to cold exposure has led to the development of novel treatment modalities, like cryolipolysis, to selectively target a cell type while sparing neighboring cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated the roles of controlled skin freezing, tissue temperature, and exposure time in inducing selective loss of melanocytes and skin depigmentation in swines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of our study demonstrated that contact cooling of the skin surface causes selective loss of epidermal melanocytes when the tissue temperature reaches \u22127.5\u00b0C or cooler with an exposure time of 10\u2009minutes or longer, leading to partial skin depigmentation in swine skin. Longer exposures combined with colder temperature exposure led to more complete depigmentation in the treated skin surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cold\u2010sensitivity of melanocytes can be harnessed to selectively remove melanocytes while sparing surrounding keratinocytes. The results from this study demonstrated that improved clinical treatments specifically targeting melanocytic lesions is possible using skin cooling to achieve tissue temperatures capable of inducing selective loss of melanocytes without skin necrosis or scarring. Additional studies are needed to optimize the treatment conditions to prolong the selective removal of melanocytes. Lasers Surg. Med. \u00a9 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T17:09:08Z","timestamp":1610730548000},"page":"978-985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Selective Cryolysis of Melanocytes: Critical Temperature and Exposure Time to Induce Selective Pigmentary Loss in Yucatan Pig Skin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4836-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary S.","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology  Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology UCLA School of Medicine  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Ivy Dermatology Group  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Farinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology  Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology  Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2005.05021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198208000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(86)90027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.002642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(82)90153-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1979.tb00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(79)90048-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive measurement of blood pressures in the Yucatan micropig (Sus scrofa domestica), with and without midazolam\u2010induced sedation","volume":"51","author":"Goodrich JA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12525284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(90)90007-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-2240(65)80094-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01890.x"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23372","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lsm.23372","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T06:15:58Z","timestamp":1693289758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.23372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.23372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23372","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}