{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:26:29Z","timestamp":1791509189033,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypertrophic scar (HS), a common complication in wound healing, is characterized by the disarrangement of collagen, fibers, and extracellular matrix. Artesunate (ART) can inhibit the abnormal formation of fibroblasts and collagens. Fractional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser (FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L) can facilitate tissue remodeling and the absorption of drugs into ablative microthermal columns in HS. So far, no research has investigated the efficacy of ART\u00a0combined with an FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L\u00a0in treating HS. To investigate the theoretical basis and clinical significance of this combination, we established a rabbit model of HS to observe the change in the expression of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, ART group, FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L group, and ART\u2009+\u2009FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L (combination) group. Four wounds were surgically established in the ear of each rabbit and allowed to develop into HS. ART (20\u2009\u03bcL\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was injected in ART and combination groups, and FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L (combo mode, deep energy:10m\u2009J, super energy: 50\u2009mJ) in FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L and combination groups on the 28th day after HS occurred. Three rounds of treatment were applied (once every 14 days). HS samples were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Van Gieson staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis on the 70th day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The morphological and histopathological changes in HS were significant. HSs were smoother and smaller and the collagen fibers were thinner and less disordered in the combination group than those in ART and FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L groups. Meanwhile, the hypertrophic index (HI), fiber density (NA), and collagen fiber content (AA) were lower in the combination group (1.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15, 3.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22, 30.37\u2009\u00b1\u20091.41%) than in the ART group (2.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22, 4.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, 44.68\u2009\u00b1\u20092.30%) and FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L group (1.99\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14, 4.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, 37.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.38%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Additionally, the expressions of TGF\u2010\u03b21 and PCNA protein were suppressed in the ART group (0.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, 0.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03) and FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L group (0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, 0.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05), and the suppression was more significant in the combination group(0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, 0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of ART and FCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>L can effectively reduce HS in the rabbit model. This\u00a0is the first report about this combination in the treatment of HS. A novel treatment is expected to be based on our findings. Lasers Surg. Med. 57:496\u2013505, 2025. \u00a9 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T23:52:47Z","timestamp":1614556367000},"page":"496-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Artesunate Combined With Fractional CO<sub>2<\/sub> Laser on the Hypertrophic Scar in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8528-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282 China"},{"name":"The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282 China"},{"name":"The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanglin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282 China"},{"name":"The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282 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