{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:48:21Z","timestamp":1790153301719,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to review the results of oral leucoplakia (OL) using ablative fractional laser\u2010assisted photodynamic therapy (AFL\u2010PDT) and to further evaluate the risk factors for recurrence and malignant transformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight patients diagnosed with OL using histopathology were enrolled in this study. All patients received one session of AFL\u2010PDT. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 1 month posttreatment. Follow\u2010up was scheduled every 3 months in the first year and every 6 months thereafter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An overall positive response rate of 87.5% (42\/48) was achieved, including 62.5% (30\/48) complete responses and 25.0% (12\/48) partial responses. During the 3\u2010year follow\u2010up period, the recurrence and malignant transformation rates were 37.5% (18\/48) and 8.3% (4\/48), respectively. Lesions on gingiva\/palate seemed to be associated with recurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13\u20132.37). The severity of epithelial dysplasia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02; OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.96\u20134.42) and recurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016; OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.04\u20134.84) were associated with a predisposition to malignant transformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>AFL\u2010PDT is an effective management of OL, but requires close follow\u2010up. OL lesions on the gingiva\/palate are predisposed to recurrence. OLs that recur with moderate\/severe epithelial dysplasia have a higher risk of transforming into oral squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T09:23:20Z","timestamp":1646645000000},"page":"682-687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Management of oral leukoplakia by ablative fractional laser\u2010assisted photodynamic therapy: A 3\u2010year retrospective study of 48 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Lin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-8284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen\u2010Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of 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Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"CD001829","article-title":"Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer","volume":"7","author":"Lodi G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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