{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:45Z","timestamp":1786978185971,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial rejuvenation by lasers that target water has been a mainstay of esthetic laser treatments for decades. Modern lasers more commonly treat a fraction of the skin surface using ablative, semi\u2010ablative, or nonablative pulses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty subjects with visible evidence of chronic photoaging on the face were enrolled in this study. All subjects received two full\u2010face, single\u2010pass treatments spaced 2 months apart with the superficial mode of a 2910\u2009nm fiber laser with an estimated penetration depth of 10\u2009\u03bcm, 25% coverage, delivered in a 15\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u200915\u2009mm square microbeam pattern. A blinded\u00a0comparison of pretreatment and 3\u2010month post\u2010treatment images was performed. Evaluation of biopsy samples for laser\u2010tissue effects was performed on three separate subjects and biopsies were harvested 1\u2010day post\u2010treatment, 1\u2010week post\u2010treatment, and 2\u2010weeks post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blinded evaluation of digital images revealed an average improvement score of 25.1\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM) or 25.1%, using an 11\u2010point scale evaluating overall improvement in photoaging (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Post\u2010treatment effects were limited to mild\u2010to\u2010moderate erythema and edema, and the pain was rated a 1.9 out of a maximum of 10. Histology demonstrated superficial changes in the stratum corneum and epidermis with dermal inflammation present at 1\u2010day post\u2010treatment and 1\u2010week post\u2010treatment, with a return to baseline at 2 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2910\u2009nm fiber laser is safe and effective for improving mild photodamage, with minimal discomfort and downtime. Dermal inflammation results from very superficial epidermal injury and may contribute to clinical improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T03:10:29Z","timestamp":1670209829000},"page":"35-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low\u2010fluence treatment with a novel fractionated 2,910\u2010nm fiber laser improves photodamage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric F.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Main Line Center for Laser Surgery  Ardmore Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Sanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, Confocal and Multiphoton Imaging Core Laboratories University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Cotsarelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Main Line Center for Laser Surgery  Ardmore Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"DiLeonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Main Line Center for Laser Surgery  Ardmore Pennsylvania 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