{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:14:32Z","timestamp":1781925272332,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to use cross polarization optical coherence tomography (CP\u2010OCT) and short wavelength infrared imaging (SWIR) reflectance imaging to monitor changes in the structure and activity of early occlusal caries on primary teeth over a period of 6 months during intervention with fluoride.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929) aged 6\u221210 each with two suspected active occlusal lesions on primary teeth completed the study. Fluoride varnish was applied to tooth surfaces every 3\u2010months and participants were instructed to brush twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste. Images were acquired using CP\u2010OCT every 3 months for 6 months. SWIR reflectance images were acquired during forced air\u2010drying of the lesions for 30\u2009s at 0 and 6\u2010months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the 42 lesions appeared initially active at baseline. Only 6 lesions appeared arrested at baseline based on the presence of a highly mineralized transparent surface layer (TSL) in CP\u2010OCT images. At 6 months, 14 of the lesions appeared arrested including the 6 initially arrested lesions and the TSL thickness increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The mean lesion depth (Ld) and the integrated reflectivity over the lesion depth (\u0394R) increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) after 6 months for the 42 lesions analyzed. SWIR reflectance images showed that there was a significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) delay before changes in intensity were measured for active lesions versus arrested lesions during lesion drying.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CP\u2010OCT was able to monitor changes in lesion structure and activity including the formation of a highly mineralized TSL indicative of lesion arrest during nonsurgical intervention. Time\u2010resolved SWIR reflectance imaging also shows that there are differences in the dehydration kinetics between active and arrested lesions. This study demonstrates two independent imaging methods that can be used to monitor changes in lesion activity over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T20:38:41Z","timestamp":1683923921000},"page":"601-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Monitoring lesion activity on primary teeth with CP\u2010OCT and SWIR reflectance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Yihua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5327-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Dental Caries: the Disease and its Clinical Management","author":"Fejerskov O","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4805177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261485"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"771","article-title":"Caries diagnosis","volume":"62","author":"Angmar\u2010Mansson B","year":"1998","journal-title":"AADS Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Early Detection of Dental Caries, Annual Indiana Conference; Early Detection of Dental Caries","author":"Hume WR.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(93)90001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.03.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Infrared methods for assessment of the activity of natural enamel caries lesions. 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