{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:47:00Z","timestamp":1784090820817,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant biliary stricture is a ductal narrowing of the bile duct that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to difficulty in resection. The current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of endobiliary laser treatment by quantifying the extent of coagulative necrosis in tissue under various conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo and in vivo porcine bile tissues were used for endobiliary laser treatment to characterize the dosimetric responses of the tissue to various treatment conditions: power level, irradiation time, and number of treatments. 532\u2009nm laser light was coupled with a balloon\u2010integrated diffusing applicator (BDA) to deliver the laser light endoscopically for tissue coagulation. The coagulated regions (maximum length and depth) in the treated tissues were evaluated histologically for quantitative comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dosimetric evaluations with ex vivo liver tissue confirmed that both maximum length and depth of coagulative necrosis (CN) increased with applied power and number of treatments. Ex vivo bile duct tests demonstrated that BDA\u2010assisted laser treatment at 10\u2009W for 12\u2009s reproducibly yielded CN with a length of 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u2009mm and a depth of 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009mm. In vivo tests presented that endoscopic laser treatment using the BDA created CN on the ductal surface without any perforation. Microscopic examinations revealed that a dense inflammatory cell infiltration and eosinophilic area in the in vivo treated tissue. The extent of CN in the in vivo tissue was 40% longer and 120% deeper (length: 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009mm; depth: 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009mm), compared to that in the ex vivo tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BDA\u2010assisted laser treatment could be a feasible option for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture with uniform ablation at the circumference of bile duct. Further in vivo studies will be performed in a large number of stricture\u2010developed porcine models to examine both efficacy and safety of the proposed endobiliary laser treatment for clinical translations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T08:03:33Z","timestamp":1695197013000},"page":"912-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Balloon\u2010assisted laser application for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9103-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonghee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering Pukyong National University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Gia","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Development TeCure, Inc. Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Smart Healthcare, Major of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Technology and Convergence Pukyong National University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong\u2010il","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering Pukyong National University Busan South Korea"},{"name":"Division of Smart Healthcare, Major of Human\u2010Bio Convergence, College of Information Technology and Convergence Pukyong National University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0861-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering Pukyong National University Busan South Korea"},{"name":"Division of Research and Development TeCure, Inc. 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