{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:16:39Z","timestamp":1740104199551,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyschromia is an understudied aspect of hypertrophic scar (HTS). The use of topical tacrolimus has successfully shown repigmentation in vitiligo patients through promotion of melanogenesis and melanocyte proliferation. It was hypothesized that HTSs treated with topical tacrolimus would have increased repigmentation compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full\u2010thickness burns in red Duroc pigs were either treated with excision and meshed split\u2010thickness skin grafting or excision and no grafting, and these wounds formed hypopigmented HTSs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098). Half of the scars had 0.1% tacrolimus ointment applied to the scar twice a day for 21 days, while controls had no treatment. Further, each scar was bisected with half incurring fractional ablative CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser treatment before topical tacrolimus application to induce laser\u2010assisted drug delivery (LADD). Pigmentation was evaluated using a noninvasive probe to measure melanin index (MI) at Days 0 (pretreatment), 7, 14, and 21. At each timepoint, punch biopsies were obtained and fixed in formalin or were incubated in dispase. The formalin\u2010fixed biopsies were used to evaluate melanin levels by H&amp;E staining. The biopsies incubated in dispase were used to obtain epidermal sheets. The ESs were then flash frozen and RNA was isolated from them and used in quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for melanogenesis\u2010related genes: Tyrosinase (TYR), TYR\u2010related protein\u20101 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). Analysis of variance test with \u0160\u00edd\u00e1k's multiple comparisons test was used to compare groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over time, within the grafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI, except for Week 3 in the \u2212Tacro group. (+Tacro HTS= pre\u2009=\u2009685.1\u2009\u00b1\u200942.0, w1\u2009=\u2009741.0\u2009\u00b1\u200954.16, w2\u2009=\u2009750.8\u2009\u00b1\u200959.0, w3\u2009=\u2009760.9\u2009\u00b1\u200949.8) (\u2212Tacro HTS= pre\u2009=\u2009700.4\u2009\u00b1\u200954.3, w1\u2009=\u2009722.3\u2009\u00b1\u200950.7, w2\u2009=\u2009739.6\u2009\u00b1\u200953.2, w3\u2009=\u2009722.7\u2009\u00b1\u200950.5). Over time, within the ungrafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI. (+Tacro HTS= pre\u2009=\u2009644.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9, w1\u2009=\u2009661.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3, w2\u2009=\u2009650.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2, w3\u2009=\u2009636.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4) (\u2212Tacro HTS= pre\u2009=\u2009696.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0, w1\u2009=\u2009695.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3, w2\u2009=\u2009678.9\u2009\u00b1\u200914.0, w3\u2009=\u2009731.2\u2009\u00b1\u200950.3). LADD did not lead to any differential change in pigmentation compared to the non\u2010LADD group. There was no evidence of increased melanogenesis within the tissue punch biopsies at any timepoint. There were no changes in TYR, TYRP1, or DCT gene expression after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypopigmented HTSs treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with or without LADD did not show significantly increased repigmentation. This study was limited by a shorter treatment interval than what is known to be required in vitiligo patients for repigmentation. The use of noninvasive, topical treatments to promote repigmentation are an appealing strategy to relieve morbidity associated with dyschromic burn scars and requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T05:34:50Z","timestamp":1705383290000},"page":"175-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment of hypopigmented burn hypertrophic scars with short\u2010term topical tacrolimus does not lead to repigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9064-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban A.","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taryn E.","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lou'ay","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Keyloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren T.","family":"Moffatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Shupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2292-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie C.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198310000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038\u2010016\u20100068\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1209579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mbc.2000.105087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010009\u20108703\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20101097.2007.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20104632.2005.02226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamadermatol.386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(94)92855\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2005.06739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2006.07467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403\u2010020\u201002068\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.5.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806\u20104841.20197490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100846.2010.00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31827eac5e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iry045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231\u20104040.197388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806\u20104841.20164012"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"2998","article-title":"HOXA9 regulates angiogenesis in human hypertrophic scars: induction of VEGF secretion by epidermal stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Cao PF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2007.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2022.104446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2059513118758510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2017.2474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455\u20104529.IntJResDermatol20200605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1349"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"1370","article-title":"A potential alternative treatment for vitiligo: an observational study on tacrolimus 0.3% lotion","volume":"21","author":"Deverapalli S","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Drug Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T06:57:46Z","timestamp":1714373866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.23754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.23754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23754","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0196-8092"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9101"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}