{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:01:26Z","timestamp":1782831686634,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical \u03b4\u2010Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but is limited by incomplete penetration of ALA into the deeper dermis. This prospective open\u2010label pilot trial investigated the safety and efficacy of photosensitizer jet injection for PDT (JI\u2010PDT) for BCC treatment. It was performed with 15 patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) with histologically confirmed, untreated, low\u2010risk nodular BCCs at a single institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the intervention, JI\u2010PDT patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) received two sessions of jet\u2010injected ALA with PDT separated by four to 6 weeks. To further understand treatment technique, another group of patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) received jet\u2010injected ALA followed by tumor excision and fluorescence microscopy (JI\u2010E). Treatment tolerability was assessed by local skin responses (LSR) score at five distinct time intervals. Fluorescence microscopy assessed protoporphyrin IX penetration depth and biodistribution within the tumor. At the primary endpoint, tumor clearance was evaluated via visual inspection, dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. Postinjection and postillumination pain levels, and patient satisfaction, were scored on a 0\u221210 scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen participants with mean age of 58.3, who were 15\/15 White, non\u2010Hispanic enrolled. The median composite LSR score immediately after JI\u2010PDT was 5\u00a0(interquartile range [IQR]\u2009=\u20093) which decreased to 0.5 (IQR\u2009=\u20091) at primary endpoint (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Immunofluorescence of excised BCC tumors with jet\u2010injected ALA showed photosensitizer penetration into papillary and reticular dermis. Of the 13 JI\u2010PDT tumors, 11 had tumor clearance confirmed, 1 recurred, and 1 was lost to follow\u2010up. 1\/11 patients experienced a serious adverse event of cellulitis. 70% of patients had local scarring at 3 months. Patients reported an average pain level of 5.6 (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u20092.3) during jet injection and 3.7 (SD\u2009=\u20091.8) during light illumination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jet injection of ALA for PDT treatment of nodular low\u2010risk BCC is tolerable and feasible and may represent a novel modality to improve PDT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T09:23:30Z","timestamp":1716888210000},"page":"446-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Jet\u2010injection assisted photodynamic therapy for superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leore","family":"Lavin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"Erlendsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud","family":"Aleissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology King Abdulaziz University and University Hospital Jeddah Saudi 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