{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:14:19Z","timestamp":1774127659243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iatrogenic cutaneous siderosis is a well\u2010recognized dermatologic complication after parenteral iron infusion. The condition manifests as discrete, hyperpigmented patches near the site of injection. Most cases do not resolve spontaneously, leading to significant aesthetic and psychological distress to patients. A recent case of iatrogenic cutaneous siderosis at our institution prompted a systematic review of the efficacy of energy\u2010based devices previously reported in the treatment of this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for all peer\u2010reviewed articles published using the following search terms: \u201ciron OR heme OR hemosiderosis OR siderosis\u201d and \u201chyperpigmentation OR staining OR tattoo.\u201d Articles reporting on energy\u2010based devices in the treatment of iron\u2010induced hyperpigmentation were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of seven articles and 54 total patients were included in this review. All patients, including the patient treated at our institution, were female, with an average age of 44 years. Hyperpigmentation was most commonly associated with intravenous iron infusion (48\/54, 89%), on the arm or forearm (44\/54, 81%), and used for the treatment of underlying iron deficiency anemia (54\/54, 100%). The application of six different nanosecond or picosecond quality\u2010switched laser systems was reported in the treatment of cutaneous siderosis, with wavelengths ranging from 532 to 1064\u2009nm. Spot sizes varied between 2 and 7\u2009mm, with energy fluences spanning 0.5\u201340\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> depending on both the device and spot size. Outcomes were measured after an average of 5.4 laser treatments and 10.4 months, with over half of all reported patients experiencing complete clearance (27\/50, 54%). Our patient received treatment in\u00a0three test areas with\u00a0picosecond alexandrite 785\u2009nm, nanosecond Nd:YAG 532\u2009nm, and picosecond Nd:YAG 532\u2009nm devices. The nanosecond Nd:YAG 532\u2009nm treated area demonstrated the greatest improvement,\u00a0and the entire arm was subsequently treated with this device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the often intractable nature of iatrogenic cutaneous siderosis, laser surgery is a reasonable and safe treatment modality for patients seeking cosmetic improvement of this dyschromia. Dermatologists should be aware of this entity and the efficacy of the energy\u2010based devices currently in our armamentarium. A combination approach may need to be utilized with different wavelengths and pulsed widths to target iron pigment in both dermal and subcutaneous layers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T05:04:50Z","timestamp":1721106290000},"page":"625-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment of Iron\u2010Induced Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation With Energy\u2010Based Devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0078-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay N.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California,\u00a0Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Golbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California,\u00a0Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solomiya","family":"Grushchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California,\u00a0Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Ribas","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Clinical and Experimental Laboratory University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5883-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Zachary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California,\u00a0Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Pigmentation After Intravenous Iron Injection Treated With 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser and 595 nm Pulse Dye Laser","volume":"53","author":"Lim E. H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjhh.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)72329-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Iron (III) From Iron Polymaltose Complex in Pharmaceutical Formulations","volume":"19","author":"Hussain F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2013.795171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1838"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T19:42:03Z","timestamp":1724355723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.23825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.23825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23825","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}