{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:45:14Z","timestamp":1790729114327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scalp inflammation and alopecia are distressing conditions for which patients regularly present to dermatology. Although some diagnoses can be made clinically, others require biopsy, which carries the risk of pain, infection, bleeding, and scarring. This review examines the existing literature regarding noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques and their evidence and utility in evaluating scalp pathology, with a focus on the diagnostics of hair conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without timeframe restrictions. The PubMed and Clarivate (Web of Science) databases were searched using the terms (\u201cimaging\u201d OR \u201cin\u2010vivo imaging\u201d OR \u201cnon\u2010invasive imaging\u201d OR \u201cnon\u2010invasive in vivo imaging\u201d \u201cimaging,\u201d \u201cin\u2010vivo imaging) AND (\u201chuman scalp disorders\u201d OR \u201cscalp\u201d OR \u201chair loss\u201d OR \u201calopecia\u201d). Peer\u2010reviewed randomized control trials (RCTs), prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series or reports discussing in vivo imaging of the scalp published before 2022 were selected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two studies were included and discussed; modalities included laser devices (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927), ultrasound (US) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), infrared thermography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), skin capacitance imaging (SCI), and ultraviolet light\u2013enhanced visualization (ULEV) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). The most common laser devices used were reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), multiphoton microscopy (MPM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). US techniques included high\u2010frequency US (HFUS) and US biomicroscopy (UBM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quality imaging of the scalp in the setting of alopecic, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases is highly sought after. Many of these noninvasive imaging techniques show promise, each with individual advantages and disadvantages in imaging\u2010specific conditions. Ultimately, noninvasive imaging techniques may be used to optimize patient management and minimize morbidity associated with scalp biopsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:28:15Z","timestamp":1727418495000},"page":"741-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Vivo Imaging Techniques for the Human Scalp: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Bobak","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Urso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Ekelem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Babadjouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Midwestern Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay N.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha Atanaskova","family":"Mesinkovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.7.1265"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing the Efficacy of Mesotherapy to Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"27","author":"Hunter N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica: ADC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2004.00048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-202X\/aa63c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(89)90052-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Does Topical Minoxidil Increase Skin Blood Flow? 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