{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:44:08Z","timestamp":1791960248837,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010ablative fractional lasers (NAFL) have increased in demand compared to ablative laser treatments as they provide lesser down time, fewer side\u2010effects, and are safer to use. Non\u2010ablative fractional treatment with lasers ranging from 1320 to 1927\u2010nm have been shown to be safe and effective for skin resurfacing procedures. The objective of this study is to investigate healing of the 1940\u2010nm NAFL\u2010induced microthermal treatment zones (MTZs) in human skin from a histologic perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three subjects received 1940\u2010nm NAFL treatment to test areas on the abdomen at various timepoints during the study. The minimum 5\u2009mJ\/MTZ and maximum 20\u2009mJ\/MTZ energy settings were used at 20% coverage. Biopsies were taken coinciding with immediately posttreatment, 1, 3, 7 days, and 6 weeks posttreatment. Blinded analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained slides was performed to measure the width and depth of the MTZs and evaluate the inflammatory and healing response of the skin over time (immediately to 6 weeks posttreatment). Safety was evaluated by assessing local skin responses and adverse events immediately after treatment and at all study visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histological analysis of tissue following NAFL 1940\u2010nm treatments showed mild early inflammatory response (presence of lymphotic infiltrate) in some test areas and zones of necrosis and coagulation having widths and depths (immediately\u20133 days posttreatment) that scaled with the 1940\u2010nm pulse energy. Signs of healing such as presence of dermal mucin, evidence of fibrosis, and absence of necrosis were observed long\u2010term (7 days to 6 weeks posttreatment). Evidence of the MTZ persisted beyond the 6\u2010week study and was predicted to last for 100 days. All local clinical skin responses healed within 6 weeks and were limited to mild, transient erythema and edema which resolved in less than 12\u201324\u2009h following treatment. No serious adverse events occurred during the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAFL 1940\u2010nm treatments are safe for inducing small fractional coagulation and necrosis zones in abdominal skin. NAFL 1940\u2010nm laser creates fractional columns of injury with sufficient depth and coverage that suggest effective skin resurfacing, like other non\u2010ablative fractional lasers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T05:34:26Z","timestamp":1726464866000},"page":"54-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Vivo Histological Study Evaluating Non\u2010Ablative Fractional 1940\u2010nm Laser"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7593-6359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konika Patel","family":"Schallen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Candela Marlborough Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Seder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candela Marlborough Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Jorgenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candela Marlborough Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Schomacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candela Marlborough Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9264-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jag","family":"Bhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20048"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Fractional Photothermolysis: A Novel Aesthetic Laser Surgery Modality","volume":"33","author":"Hantash B. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25289\/ML.2020.9.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.01884.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2012.761346"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of a Non\u2010Ablative 1940 Nm Fractional Laser","volume":"13","author":"Miller L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Nonablative 1927 nm Fractional Resurfacing for the Treatment of Facial Photopigmentation","volume":"13","author":"Brauer J. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1262","article-title":"Evaluation of a Low Energy, Low Density, Non\u2010Ablative Fractional 1927 nm Wavelength Laser for Facial Skin Resurfacing","volume":"14","author":"Brauer J. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25289\/ML.2017.6.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2017.1358455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2019.1683581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23341"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"s12","article-title":"The Role of Elastin and Collagen in Cutaneous Aging: Intrinsic Aging Versus Photoexposure","volume":"7","author":"Uitto J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"K.Christiansen Ex\u2010vivo Histological Investigation \u2010 NAFL 1940 Internal Candela Clinical Report (October 2018) 1\u201319. Unpublished."}],"container-title":["Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lsm.23842","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:36:46Z","timestamp":1747197406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.23842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lsm.23842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23842","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8092","1096-9101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}