{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T13:10:09Z","timestamp":1749647409500,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lasers Surg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laser tissue soldering (LTS) offers an innovative, suture\u2010free approach to wound closure. However, challenges such as limited tensile strength and prolonged soldering time need solutions. This work combines BSA with PEG to enhance mechanical properties and introduces silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to accelerate soldering via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Real\u2010time SS\u2010OCT monitoring ensures precise evaluation of the soldering process, advancing LTS applications for diverse tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four solder compositions (C1\u2013C4) are prepared using combinations of BSA, PEG, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNP). Ex\u2010vivo samples of chicken breast, chicken skin, and goat skin were incised in 1\u2009cm incision with 0.45\u2009mm width and soldered using a 980\u2009nm, 5\u2009W laser. Tensile strength was measured using a tensiometer, while cytotoxicity was assessed using HEK293 cells. SS\u2010OCT captured real\u2010time scattering coefficient changes during soldering, providing insight into coagulation dynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining bovine serum albumin (BSA) with PEG and nanoparticles (silver and titanium dioxide), tensile strength in ex\u2010vivo tissue samples increased significantly\u2014by 27% in chicken breast (0.4980 to 0.6366\u2009N\/cm\u00b2), 28% in chicken skin (0.6080 to 0.7840\u2009N\/cm\u00b2), and 23% in goat skin (0.6220 to 0.7666\u2009N\/cm\u00b2). Nanoparticle incorporation reduced soldering time by 33%, achieving complete fusion within 3\u2009min using a laser of optical power of 5\u2009W, central wavelength 980\u2009nm and duty cycle of 50%. Real\u2010time monitoring with Swept\u2010Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS\u2010OCT) quantified the scattering coefficient changes during soldering, validating efficient bonding. Results demonstrate PEG's contribution to tensile strength, nanoparticles\u2019 role in reducing soldering time, and SS\u2010OCT's utility for precision monitoring, supporting LTS as a promising wound closure method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study validates PEG's biomechanical reinforcement and nanoparticles\u2019 role in efficient LTS. The integration of SS\u2010OCT enables precise, real\u2010time assessment, confirming the clinical potential of this enhanced LTS method for rapid and robust tissue closure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T04:55:48Z","timestamp":1746766548000},"page":"426-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Ex\u2010Vivo Bond Quality Monitoring of Plasmonic Metal Oxide Biomaterials Mediated Laser Tissue Soldering Process Using Fast Noninvasive Optical Tomographic Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sweta","family":"Satpathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Lab, Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Lab, Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Lab, Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raju","family":"Poddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Lab, Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030426"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crbiot.2024.100234"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Wound Closure\u2010Alternatives to Sutures","volume":"5","author":"Sajna H. 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